In accordance with Article 163(1) of the Qanoon-e-Shahadat, 1984, when the plaintiff takes an oath in support of their claim, the court shall, at the plaintiff’s request, require the defendant ___.


According to Al-Sarakshi, what is the consequence of establishing a new rule while using Istishab?


What is an example of the application of Maslah Mursalah in Islamic jurisprudence?


What is the literal meaning of the term "Fiqh"?