P-waves (Primary/compressional waves) travel fastest through Earth materials. In crustal rocks, typical P-wave velocities ($V_P$) range from 5–7 km/s, while S-wave velocities ($V_S$) are approximately $V_S \approx V_P / \sqrt{3} \approx 0.58 \cdot V_P$. The relationship is: $V_P = \sqrt{\dfrac{K + \frac{4}{3}G}{\rho}}$ and $V_S = \sqrt{\dfrac{G}{\rho}}$, where $K$ is bulk modulus, $G$ is shear modulus, and $\rho$ is density. L-waves are surface waves (slower than body waves).