Kranz anatomy (German: 'wreath') is the distinctive leaf structure of $\text{C}_4$ plants (e.g. maize, sugarcane, sorghum). It consists of a ring (Kranz) of bundle sheath cells — large, chloroplast-rich cells surrounding the vascular bundle — with mesophyll cells arranged radially around them. This two-cell system separates $\text{CO}_2$ fixation (in mesophyll, by PEP carboxylase) from the Calvin cycle (in bundle sheath), preventing photorespiration.