Robert Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (1985) proposes three types: (1) Analytical (componential) — academic problem-solving; (2) Creative (experiential) — novel and adaptive thinking; (3) Practical (contextual) — 'street smart', adapting to real-world environments. Gardner's theory proposes 8–9 multiple intelligences; Spearman proposed g-factor and s-factors; Cattell-Horn-Carroll distinguishes fluid and crystallized intelligence.