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US Federal Constitution QUESTION #5813
Question 1
Congress passes a statute providing that any person who is 'aggrieved' by a violation of the Clean Air Act may bring a civil action in federal court for damages, regardless of whether they have suffered a physical or economic injury. A citizen sues a factory for emitting excess smoke, though the citizen lives 500 miles away. Does the court have jurisdiction?
  • Yes, because Congress has the power to define and limit the jurisdiction of federal courts.
  • Yes, because the statute creates a 'legal interest' which constitutes standing.
  • No, because the 'case or controversy' requirement of Article III requires an 'injury in fact.'✔️
  • No, because the citizen lacks 'prudential standing.'
Correct Answer Explanation
Congress cannot waive the Article III requirement of 'injury in fact.' To have standing, a plaintiff must show a concrete and particularized injury. A 'statutory right' to sue is insufficient if the plaintiff has not personally suffered an actual harm.