Hazrat Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA) belonged to the Banu Adiyy clan of the Quraish tribe. He was born around 584 CE in Makkah. Initially, he was a fierce opponent of Islam but converted in 616 CE (6th year of prophethood). His conversion strengthened Islam so much that Muslims began praying openly at the Kaaba. He became the second Caliph and ruled from 634-644 CE, expanding the Islamic empire significantly.