The Battle of Tabuk (9 AH / 630 CE) was the last major military expedition led by the Prophet (PBUH) himself. It was undertaken against the Byzantine Empire in response to reports of their planned attack on Muslims. The Prophet led 30,000 Muslims to Tabuk (in northern Arabia), but the Byzantines did not engage. This expedition demonstrated Muslim strength, led to peace treaties with several Christian tribes, and consolidated Islam's position in Arabia. The Prophet never personally led another military expedition after Tabuk.