Correct Answer: C — 14 fundamental needs

Virginia Henderson (1955) identified 14 fundamental components of nursing care based on basic human needs. These include:

1. Breathe normally
2. Eat and drink adequately
3. Eliminate body wastes
4. Move and maintain posture
5. Sleep and rest
6. Select suitable clothes
7. Maintain body temperature
8. Keep body clean and protect integument
9. Avoid environmental dangers
10. Communicate with others
11. Worship according to one's faith
12. Work and sense accomplishment
13. Play and participate in recreation
14. Learn, discover, or satisfy curiosity

Henderson's definition of nursing focuses on assisting patients to perform these activities they would do unaided if they had the strength, will, or knowledge.