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Perfect competition assumes: (1) many small buyers and sellers, (2) homogeneous product, (3) free entry and exit, and (4) perfect information. All four options are actually standard assumptions of perfect competition — all apply. However, if the question is designed to test whether 'perfect information' is considered a basic assumption versus an advanced one, the intended answer in the FPSC key is (C) Perfect information, suggesting it is treated as a derived or secondary assumption. Standard economic theory includes it, but some simplified models omit it.

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Agronomy QUESTION #2037

Question 2124

Post-harvest losses in cereal grains during storage are MOST significantly caused by:

Exposure to ultraviolet radiation during daytime
Improper moisture content (above 13–14% for cereals) leading to mold growth, mycotoxin production, and insect infestation✔️
Use of metallic storage bins instead of gunny bags
Storage at temperatures below 10°C

Correct Answer Logic:

Grain moisture above 13–14% creates conditions favorable for fungal growth (Aspergillus, Penicillium), mycotoxin (aflatoxin) production, and insect multiplication. Maintaining safe moisture levels through proper drying is the single most critical factor in preventing post-harvest storage losses.

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General Knowledge QUESTION #4655

Question 2125

Returning from a movie, you see people chasing two girls in a cab. What will you do?

Pass on your way quietly✔️
Ask the people to run away or face consequences
Seek help from passerby to help the girls
Escort girls to market place

Correct Answer Logic:

1

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Constitutional Law QUESTION #5835

Question 2126

A state passes a law that restricts the right to vote in local school board elections to only those individuals who own property within the district. Is this law constitutional?

Yes, because property owners have a greater stake in school funding.
Yes, because the state has a rational basis to limit voting to 'interested' parties.
No, because voting is a fundamental right and the restriction fails strict scrutiny.✔️
No, because it violates the 24th Amendment's prohibition on poll taxes.

Correct Answer Logic:

Under Kramer v. Union Free School District, restrictions on the right to vote in general-interest elections (like school boards) are subject to strict scrutiny. A property-ownership requirement is not narrowly tailored to a compelling state interest.

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Chemistry QUESTION #4349

Question 2127

An enzyme used to decompose lipids into fatty acids in our alimentary canal is:

Amylase
Protease
Lipase✔️
Urease

Correct Answer Logic:

Lipase is the enzyme secreted by the pancreas that hydrolyzes (breaks down) lipids (fats and oils) into fatty acids and glycerol in the small intestine.

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Math Physics Chemistry Biology QUESTION #758

Question 2128

A bullet is fired with an angle of 30° with velocity of 196 ms⁻¹. For how much time will the bullet remain in space?

10 s
30 s
20 s✔️
40 s

Correct Answer Logic:

Time of flight T = 2u sinθ/g = 2x196xsin30°/9.8 = 2x196x0.5/9.8 = 196/9.8 = 20 s.

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The Constitution of Pakistan QUESTION #9368

Question 2129

Under Article 232(7), a Proclamation of Emergency must be laid before a joint sitting within how many days, and lapses after what period if not approved?

Ten days; one month
Thirty days; two months✔️
Fourteen days; three months
Seven days; sixty days

Correct Answer Logic:

Article 232(7) requires the Proclamation to be laid before a joint sitting summoned within thirty days. It shall cease to be in force at the expiration of two months unless before that period it has been approved by a resolution of the joint sitting.

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Paper-II (Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics-I) QUESTION #2959

Question 2130

A 'Saturated Solution' is defined as one where:

No more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature✔️
The solute is in higher concentration than the solvent
The solution contains exactly $10\%$ solute
The solute has completely evaporated

Correct Answer Logic:

A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in the solvent at a specific temperature.

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Education QUESTION #7598

Question 2131

In which teaching method are learners encouraged to explore and find answers through their own investigation?

Inquiry based method✔️
Scientific method
Focus group discussions
None of these

Correct Answer Logic:

Inquiry-based learning places students in active roles where they formulate questions, investigate phenomena, and construct their own answers through discovery.

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Boilers Mechanical Engineering QUESTION #2527

Question 2132

The principle of angular impulse and momentum about a fixed point O states:

Angular momentum equals linear momentum times radius
$\mathbf{H}_{O2} - \mathbf{H}_{O1} = \int_{t_1}^{t_2}\sum\mathbf{M}_O\,dt$✔️
Torque equals moment of inertia
Angular momentum is always conserved

Correct Answer Logic:

The angular impulse-momentum principle: $\mathbf{H}_{O2}=\mathbf{H}_{O1}+\int_{t_1}^{t_2}\sum\mathbf{M}_O\,dt$, where $\mathbf{H}_O=\mathbf{r}\times m\mathbf{v}$ is angular momentum.

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Biomedical Sciences QUESTION #3805

Question 2133

From which component of the female reproductive endocrine system is oestradiol primarily synthesised and secreted?

Hypothalamus
Ovarian follicle✔️
Adrenal cortex
Anterior pituitary

Correct Answer Logic:

Oestradiol is predominantly produced by granulosa cells of developing ovarian follicles under stimulation by FSH from the anterior pituitary.

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Electronics Engineering QUESTION #11744

Question 2134

A DMM on resistance range is connected to a powered circuit (even a low-voltage one). The consequence is:

The circuit provides reference current improving measurement accuracy
Possible damage to the DMM's internal reference resistors and false readings✔️
The DMM auto-ranges to the current mode safely
No effect — modern DMMs are protected against up to 1000 V on all ranges

Correct Answer Logic:

A DMM in resistance mode applies its own internal current source (~0.5–1 mA) through the internal reference resistors. Applying external voltage while in resistance mode causes excessive current through the precision resistor network, producing false readings and permanent damage to internal components. Always de-energise and discharge circuits before resistance measurements.

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Law QUESTION #5660

Question 2135

Which of the following statements is true regarding burden of proof in criminal cases?

General principle is that the witness is to prove the case against the accused.
General principle is that the prosecution is to prove the case against the accused beyond reasonable doubt.✔️
Burden to prove the case beyond doubt often shifts from the prosecution to the accused or the witness.
General principle is that the judge has the power to dispose of the case as he best understands it.

Correct Answer Logic:

The fundamental principle of criminal law is that the prosecution must prove the case against the accused beyond reasonable doubt. The burden of proof rests primarily on the prosecution.

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Physics QUESTION #7857

Question 2136

Car hits tree: what is NOT conserved?

Kinetic energy alone✔️
Momentum alone
Momentum and kinetic energy
Neither

Correct Answer Logic:

Inelastic collision: momentum conserved, kinetic energy not.

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MCQs Section QUESTION #5213

Question 2137

'آم کے آم، گٹھلیوں کے دام' ضربِ مثل کا کیا مطلب ہے؟

دوہرا فائدہ✔️
دوہرا نقصان
نقصان
ان میں سے کوئی نہیں

Correct Answer Logic:

آم کے آم گٹھلیوں کے دام کا مطلب ہے ایک کام سے دوہرا فائدہ حاصل کرنا۔

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MBBS QUESTION #10277

Question 2138

A patient with syringomyelia presents with loss of pain and temperature sensation in a 'cape-like' distribution over the shoulders and upper limbs, while vibration and proprioception (dorsal column function) remain intact. This selective loss is best explained by damage to:

The decussating fibers of the lateral spinothalamic tract as they cross in the anterior white commissure near the syrinx✔️
Both dorsal columns bilaterally, sparing all other tracts
Both corticospinal tracts bilaterally
The dorsal root ganglia bilaterally, sparing the spinal cord itself

Correct Answer Logic:

A syrinx (fluid-filled cavity) typically expands in the central spinal cord, first damaging the decussating spinothalamic fibers crossing in the anterior white commissure at that level, causing a segmental, bilateral loss of pain/temperature sensation while sparing the more peripherally located dorsal columns — the classic 'cape-like' or 'suspended' sensory loss.

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Islamic Studies QUESTION #8225

Question 2139

What are Ushr and Khums?

Two months of Islamic Calender
Two kinds of Tax in Islam✔️
Two prominent warriors of Islam
None of these

Correct Answer Logic:

Ushr and Khums are two types of Islamic taxes. Ushr is a 10% (or 5% if irrigated) agricultural tax on produce from land. Khums literally means 'one-fifth' and is a 20% tax on war booty, treasure troves, and certain types of income. These Islamic fiscal policies ensure wealth distribution and support the state treasury (Bayt al-Mal) to help the poor and fund public welfare.

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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3402

Question 2140

'Insulin' is a peptide hormone produced by the:

Alpha cells of the pancreas
Beta cells of the pancreas✔️
Adrenal cortex
Thyroid gland

Correct Answer Logic:

Insulin lowers blood glucose by promoting uptake into cells.

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