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Chemistry QUESTION #7408

What is the electron gain enthalpy of Na⁺, given that the first ionisation energy of Na is 5.1 eV?

+0.2 eV
−5.1 eV✔️
−10.2 eV
+2.55 eV

Correct Answer Logic:

Key concept:
$\text{Na} \to \text{Na}^+ + e^-$: requires IE₁ = +5.1 eV (energy absorbed)

Electron gain enthalpy of Na⁺ is the reverse process:
$\text{Na}^+ + e^- \to \text{Na}$: releases the same energy

$\Delta_{\text{eg}}H(\text{Na}^+) = -5.1$ eV

This follows Hess's law — the reverse process has equal and opposite enthalpy.

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Paper-I (Pharmaceutics II (Industrial and Quality Control) and Pharmaceutics III (Hospital and Community Pharmacy)) QUESTION #5726

Question 2282

In the 'Individual Prescription Order System', what is a major advantage compared to bulk floor stock?

Reduced manpower requirement
The pharmacist directly reviews all medication orders✔️
Elimination of all paperwork
Higher inventory loss

Correct Answer Logic:

The pharmacist reviewing all orders is a key advantage of this system.

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Physics QUESTION #7228

Question 2283

The dimensional formula of $\Delta Q$, the heat supplied to a system, is:

$M^1L^2T^{-2}$✔️
$M^1L^1T^{-2}$
$M^1L^2T^{-1}$
$ML^1T^{-1}$

Correct Answer Logic:

Heat is a form of energy. Therefore its dimensional formula is the same as that of energy (work).

$[\Delta Q] = [W] = [Fd] = MLT^{-2} \cdot L = ML^2T^{-2}$

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Pakistan Affairs QUESTION #9091

Question 2284

Which pass connects Pakistan with China?

Khunjerab Pass✔️
Khojak Pass
Khyber Pass
Bolan Pass

Correct Answer Logic:

The Khunjerab Pass is on the Karakoram Highway.

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General Knowledge QUESTION #8770

Question 2285

What is meant by 'Petticoat Government'?

A government in exile
A government run by a woman✔️
A government without actual powers
A government run by feudal lords

Correct Answer Logic:

Petticoat government refers to female-dominated governance.

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Sociology QUESTION #1669

Question 2286

In Durkheim's typological analysis of suicide, which type is produced not by insufficient social integration, but by excessive regulation — where individuals feel their futures are blocked and their passions violently constrained by oppressive social norms?

Altruistic suicide
Egoistic suicide
Fatalistic suicide✔️
Anomic suicide

Correct Answer Logic:

Fatalistic suicide, briefly mentioned by Durkheim in 'Suicide' (1897) as the opposite of anomic suicide, results from excessive regulation — when social norms and controls are so oppressive that individuals feel they have no future and their passions are violently blocked. This contrasts with anomic suicide (too little regulation) and altruistic suicide (excessive integration).

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Planning QUESTION #4928

Question 2287

In site planning, what is the recommended slope for wheelchair accessibility?

Maximum 1:12 (8.33%)✔️
Maximum 1:20 (5%)
Maximum 1:8 (12.5%)
Maximum 1:10 (10%)

Correct Answer Logic:

The standard maximum slope for wheelchair ramps is 1:12 (8.33%), ensuring safe and comfortable accessibility for people with mobility impairments while meeting universal design standards.

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HR and Management QUESTION #6423

Question 2288

Which of the following best describes the fundamental difference between Personnel Management and Human Resource Management?

Personnel Management is reactive and administrative; HRM is proactive and strategic✔️
Personnel Management focuses on employee welfare; HRM focuses on cost reduction
Personnel Management is used in manufacturing; HRM is used in services
Personnel Management is centralized; HRM is decentralized

Correct Answer Logic:

The key distinction is that Personnel Management was primarily reactive and administrative (handling records, payroll, compliance), while HRM is proactive and strategic - aligning human resources with organizational goals, focusing on development, and treating people as valuable assets rather than costs.

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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3221

Question 2289

'Rhodopsin' is the light-sensitive pigment found in which cells?

Cones
Rods✔️
Bipolar cells
Ganglion cells

Correct Answer Logic:

Rods use rhodopsin for vision in dim light (scotopic vision).

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Math Physics Chemistry Biology QUESTION #7777

Question 2290

Which lipids do NOT contain fatty acids?

Neutral lipids
Phosphatidic acids
Steroids✔️
Waxes

Correct Answer Logic:

Steroids (e.g., cholesterol, hormones) have a fused ring structure and contain no fatty acids. Neutral lipids (triglycerides), phosphatidic acids, and waxes all contain fatty acids.

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Administration QUESTION #9562

Question 2291

Herbert Simon argued that organizations are important because they shape the decision-making environment of individuals. He classified administrative behaviour into three streams. Which classification best explains why two equally qualified officers in different ministries might reach different decisions on the same policy problem?

Different levels of charismatic authority make them susceptible to different interpersonal influences
The structure of their respective organizations determines the environments of information available to them — different bureaucratic contexts produce different cognitive inputs for decision-making✔️
The difference in their personal Theory X or Theory Y orientation leads to fundamentally different analytical frameworks
Different stages in their Maslow hierarchy of needs cause them to weight policy outcomes according to their dominant personal need

Correct Answer Logic:

Simon argued that organizations structure the decision environment — they filter information, establish premises of decision and shape the range of alternatives considered. Two officers in different organizational contexts will have different information environments, different standard operating procedures and different institutional premises — leading to divergent decisions even with identical professional qualifications.

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General Knowledge QUESTION #8677

Question 2292

What was the first living creature to travel into space?

A dog (bitch)✔️
A frog
An eagle
A cow

Correct Answer Logic:

Laika, a dog, was the first living creature in space.

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English QUESTION #8449

Question 2293

It is ten o'clock _______ my watch.

By✔️
On
In
With

Correct Answer Logic:

'By my watch' means according to my watch.

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Library Sciences QUESTION #1562

Question 2294

In library collection development, 'deselection' (weeding) is guided by which widely used methodology in public libraries, based on criteria of age, usage, and physical condition?

AACR2
MUSTIE✔️
FRBR
MARC

Correct Answer Logic:

The MUSTIE criteria guide weeding decisions: Misleading (factually inaccurate), Ugly (worn beyond repair), Superseded (replaced by newer editions), Trivial (of no merit), Irrelevant (to community needs), and Easily obtainable elsewhere. It is a practical tool for systematic deselection in public library collections.

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Boilers Mechanical Engineering QUESTION #2380

Question 2295

For a closed-loop (negative feedback) control system with forward path transfer function $Y_1(s)$ and feedback path $Y_2(s)$, the closed-loop transfer function is:

$Y(s) = Y_1(s) \cdot Y_2(s)$
$Y(s) = \frac{Y_1(s)}{1 + Y_1(s) \cdot Y_2(s)}$✔️
$Y(s) = \frac{Y_1(s)}{1 - Y_1(s) \cdot Y_2(s)}$
$Y(s) = \frac{1}{1 + Y_1(s)}$

Correct Answer Logic:

The closed-loop (negative feedback) transfer function: $Y(s)=\frac{Y_1(s)}{1+Y_1(s)Y_2(s)}$. For unity feedback ($Y_2=1$): $Y(s)=\frac{Y_1(s)}{1+Y_1(s)}$. This is the fundamental closed-loop formula.

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Islamic Studies QUESTION #632

Question 2296

The basic obligatory action of Hajj is:

Wuquf-e-Arafat✔️
Rami
Tawaf-e-Ziyarat
None of these

Correct Answer Logic:

Wuquf (standing) at Arafat is the most essential pillar of Hajj.

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General Knowledge QUESTION #8797

Question 2297

The only vitamin that the human body can manufacture (from sunlight) is:

Vitamin C
Vitamin D✔️
Vitamin K
None above

Correct Answer Logic:

Vitamin D is synthesized in skin upon sun exposure.

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Electrical Engineering QUESTION #2161

Question 2298

Using Norton's theorem, a circuit has $I_N = 4\,\text{A}$ and $R_N = 6\,\Omega$. The maximum power deliverable to a load is:

$24\,\text{W}$✔️
$48\,\text{W}$
$12\,\text{W}$
$96\,\text{W}$

Correct Answer Logic:

Maximum power transfer requires $R_L = R_N = 6\,\Omega$. Thevenin voltage $V_{th} = I_N R_N = 24\,\text{V}$. $P_{max} = \frac{V_{th}^2}{4R_N} = \frac{576}{24} = 24\,\text{W}$.

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Islamic Studies QUESTION #655

Question 2299

"Kitab-ul-Kharaj" was written by:

Imam Abu Hanifa
Imam Abu Yusuf✔️
Imam Malik
None of these

Correct Answer Logic:

Imam Abu Yusuf wrote it at the request of Caliph Harun al-Rashid.

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Economics QUESTION #1698

Question 2300

The World Bank's classification of countries into four income groups (low income, lower-middle income, upper-middle income, and high income) is based primarily on:

Annual economic growth rate
Labour force participation rate
Unemployment rate
Gross National Income (GNI) per capita✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

The World Bank classifies all countries into four income categories using Gross National Income (GNI) per capita, calculated using the Atlas method (to smooth out exchange rate fluctuations). The thresholds are updated annually. For example, low-income countries have GNI per capita below approximately \$1,135. This classification determines eligibility for World Bank lending facilities (e.g., IDA for low-income countries, IBRD for middle-income countries).

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