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Paper-II (Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics-I) QUESTION #2998

Question 221

What is the concentration of alcohol in 'Strong Ginger Tincture'?

$20\%$
$50\%$
$90\%$✔️
$70\%$

Correct Answer Logic:

Strong Ginger Tincture is a high-alcohol preparation, typically containing $90\%$ ethanol.

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Education QUESTION #6746

Question 222

A teacher wants to develop students' metacognitive abilities. Which strategy MOST effectively promotes metacognition?

Providing correct answers immediately✔️
Teaching students to plan
monitor
and evaluate their own thinking processes

Correct Answer Logic:

Increasing memorization requirements

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Dairy Food Science and Technology QUESTION #5887

Question 223

In ice cream production, overrun is defined as:

The percentage of fat above the minimum standard
$\text{Overrun}\;(\%) = \dfrac{V_{\text{ice cream}} - V_{\text{mix}}}{V_{\text{mix}}} \times 100$✔️
The percentage of air incorporated relative to total product weight
The temperature differential during hardening

Correct Answer Logic:

Overrun is the increase in volume due to air incorporation during freezing and whipping. $\text{Overrun}\;(\%) = \dfrac{V_{\text{ice cream}} - V_{\text{mix}}}{V_{\text{mix}}} \times 100$. Commercial ice cream typically has $80\text{–}100\%$ overrun; premium brands have $<50\%$.

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Security Measures to Maintain Law and Order QUESTION #7670

Question 224

Cyber laws in Pakistan include:

Electronic Transaction Ordinance 2002✔️
Electronic Cyber Crime Bill 2007
Both (A) & (B)
None of these

Correct Answer Logic:

Pakistan's cyber laws include the Electronic Transaction Ordinance 2002 (now largely replaced by the Electronic Transactions Act 2023) and the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act (PECA) 2016, not a 2007 Bill. The 2002 ordinance was the early framework for electronic transactions.

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Chemistry QUESTION #7513

Question 225

An LPG cylinder contains gas at 300 kPa at 27°C. The cylinder can withstand a maximum pressure of $1.2 \times 10^6$ Pa. If the room catches fire, what is the minimum temperature (in °C) at which the cylinder will burst?

927°C✔️
1127°C
827°C
1200°C

Correct Answer Logic:

Using Gay-Lussac's Law at constant volume:

$\dfrac{P_1}{T_1} = \dfrac{P_2}{T_2}$

$P_1 = 300\ \text{kPa} = 3 \times 10^5\ \text{Pa},\ T_1 = 300\ \text{K}$

$P_2 = 1.2 \times 10^6\ \text{Pa}$

$T_2 = T_1 \times \dfrac{P_2}{P_1} = 300 \times \dfrac{1.2\times10^6}{3\times10^5} = 300 \times 4 = 1200\ \text{K}$

$T_2\ (°C) = 1200 - 273 = \mathbf{927}°\text{C}$

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Maths QUESTION #2820

Question 226

If $a : b = 3 : 4$ and $b : c = 6 : 7$, find $a : b : c$.

9:12:14✔️
3:04:07
6:08:07
3:06:07

Correct Answer Logic:

$a:b = 3:4$ and $b:c = 6:7$. Make $b$ common: $b = \text{LCM}(4,6) = 12$. $a:b = 9:12$ and $b:c = 12:14$. So $a:b:c = 9:12:14$.

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Dairy Food Science and Technology QUESTION #5883

Question 227

Sweetened condensed milk (SCM) is preserved by:

Heat sterilization at $121^{\circ}\text{C}$ for $15$ minutes
High osmotic pressure created by sucrose addition, reducing water activity to $a_w \approx 0.83$✔️
Addition of chemical preservatives like sodium benzoate
Vacuum packaging with nitrogen flushing

Correct Answer Logic:

SCM preservation relies on high osmotic pressure. Sucrose is added to achieve $a_w \approx 0.83$ and sucrose concentration of $\approx 43\text{–}45\%$ in the final product, inhibiting microbial growth without sterilization which would cause browning and gelling.

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Reading and Writing (Module-1) QUESTION #10405

Question 228

Despite years of ------- research, the team never managed to isolate the gene responsible for the disorder.

cursory
painstaking✔️
haphazard
superficial

Correct Answer Logic:

'Years of X research' before failing to find something suggests thorough effort, matching 'painstaking.'

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Maths QUESTION #7966

Question 229

Aslam ran around a $\dfrac{1}{4}$ km track 17 times. How many kilometres did he run?

$4\dfrac{1}{4}$ km✔️
4 km
$4\dfrac{1}{2}$ km
$4\dfrac{3}{4}$ km

Correct Answer Logic:

Total distance $= 17 \times \dfrac{1}{4} = \dfrac{17}{4} = 4\dfrac{1}{4}$ km

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Civil Procedure QUESTION #3722

Question 230

A shopper in a grocery store slips on a banana peel that is dark brown and flattened. There are no witnesses to when it fell. To win a negligence case, what must the shopper prove regarding the store's 'notice'?

The store had 'actual notice' (an employee saw it fall).
The store had 'constructive notice' (it was there long enough that the store should have discovered it).✔️
Nothing; stores are strictly liable for slip-and-falls.
The store failed to have a 'banana-free' policy.

Correct Answer Logic:

In premises liability, if the defendant did not have actual notice of the hazard, the plaintiff must show constructive notice. The dark, flattened state of the peel suggests it had been there for a significant amount of time.

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Maths QUESTION #4541

Question 231

What is $\frac{2}{5} + \frac{1}{3}$?

$\frac{3}{8}$
$\frac{11}{15}$✔️
$\frac{3}{15}$
$\frac{7}{15}$

Correct Answer Logic:

Find LCD = $15$. Then $\frac{2}{5} + \frac{1}{3} = \frac{6}{15} + \frac{5}{15} = \frac{11}{15}$

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Home Economics QUESTION #6292

Question 232

What is the primary characteristic of 'Non-Formal Education'?

It has no specific goals or objectives
It is flexible and learner-centered, often taking place outside schools✔️
It is highly structured and leads to a degree
It is only for children under the age of five

Correct Answer Logic:

Non-formal education, like extension, is organized but flexible and targeted at specific community needs.

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Aptitude QUESTION #11026

Question 233

In a perspective drawing, a $3$ m tall vertical pole stands at a distance of $30$ m from the picture plane. If the horizon line is at $1.5$ m height and the station point is $60$ m from the picture plane, what is the apparent height of the pole above the horizon line on the picture plane?

$0.5$ m
$1.0$ m✔️
$1.5$ m
$2.0$ m

Correct Answer Logic:

Actual height above horizon = $3 - 1.5 = 1.5$ m. The scaling factor is $\frac{SP}{SP + d} = \frac{60}{60+30} = \frac{2}{3}$. Apparent height above horizon = $1.5 \times \frac{2}{3} = 1.0$ m.

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Physics QUESTION #7308

Question 234

A particle starts from rest and moves with constant acceleration. After some time it decelerates and comes to rest. If it travels $S_1$ in first 10 s and $S_2$ in the next 10 s (from rest, constant acceleration), then $S_2 : S_1$ is: (This is a standard ratio-of-distances problem for uniformly accelerated motion from rest.)

$1:1$
$3:1$✔️
$4:1$
$2:1$

Correct Answer Logic:

Using $s = \dfrac{1}{2}at^2$: $S_1 = 50a$, total in 20 s $= 200a$, so $S_2 = 150a$.

$S_2 : S_1 = 150a : 50a = \mathbf{3:1}$

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Molecular Biology / Bioinformatics / Biochemistry QUESTION #11094

Question 235

Trisomy of which chromosome leads to Patau's syndrome?

13th chromosome✔️
18th chromosome
21st chromosome
22nd chromosome

Correct Answer Logic:

Patau's syndrome (Trisomy 13) results from the presence of three copies of chromosome 13 ($2n + 1 = 47, +13$). It causes severe intellectual disability, cleft lip/palate, polydactyly, heart defects, and neural tube defects. Median survival is less than one week; 90% of affected infants die within the first year. Trisomy 18 = Edwards syndrome; Trisomy 21 = Down syndrome; Trisomy 22 = cat-eye syndrome or Emanuel syndrome.

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Statistics QUESTION #1968

Question 236

A survey carried out using a well-defined sampling design and procedure is formally called a:

Sample survey✔️
Population survey
Systematic survey
Census survey

Correct Answer Logic:

A sample survey is conducted using a sampling design, where only a subset (sample) of the population is observed, as opposed to a complete enumeration (census).

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Chemistry QUESTION #435

Question 237

Name the rare halogen among the following.

F
Cl
I
At✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

Astatine (At) is the rarest halogen

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Nursing QUESTION #9220

Question 238

In grounded theory research, what is the PRIMARY goal?

To describe the lived experiences of participants in depth
To develop a theory that is grounded in and explains a social process✔️
To measure the prevalence of a phenomenon in a defined population
To evaluate the effectiveness of a nursing intervention

Correct Answer Logic:

Correct Answer: B

Grounded Theory (Glaser & Strauss, 1967) is a qualitative research methodology whose primary purpose is to generate or discover a theory that is inductively derived from ('grounded in') systematically collected and analyzed data.

Key features of grounded theory:

Constant comparative analysis: Continuously comparing data as it is collected
Theoretical sampling: Sampling continues based on emerging theory
Theoretical saturation: Sampling stops when no new categories emerge
Core category: The central phenomenon that explains the social process
Substantive theory: The output — explains a specific social process

Example in nursing: A grounded theory study might develop a theory explaining how newly graduated nurses transition into professional practice — useful for designing orientation programs for new staff.

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Geography QUESTION #1245

Question 239

The point in the sky directly over the observer is called:

Horizon
Zenith✔️
Aphelion
None of these

Correct Answer Logic:

The zenith is the point in the celestial sphere directly above an observer — the point at exactly 90° from all points on the observer's horizon. The horizon is the line where the sky meets the Earth. Aphelion is the point in Earth's orbit farthest from the Sun. The zenith is used as a reference point in astronomy and navigation.

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Quantitative Reasoning QUESTION #8140

Question 240

John Stuart Mill's discussion of the liberty of thought is most remembered for the danger of (i)_______: without challenge, opinions — even correct ones — become weak and flaccid. But Mill had a second concern: partiality and incompleteness. Since one's views, even in ideal conditions, tend to (ii)_______, and because opposing views rarely turn out to be completely (iii)_______, it is vital to seek out alternative perspectives.

complacency .. embrace only a portion of the truth .. erroneous✔️
tendentiousness .. change over time .. antithetical
fractiousness .. focus on matters close at hand .. immutable
complacency .. change over time .. erroneous

Correct Answer Logic:

Blank (i): opinions growing weak without challenge = complacency (self-satisfied uncritical acceptance). Blank (ii): Mill's second concern is partiality — views that capture only part of truth — so opinions tend to embrace only a portion of the truth. Blank (iii): opposing views 'rarely turn out to be completely' wrong — so erroneous fits (rarely entirely false). 'Tendentiousness' and 'fractiousness' don't match the 'weak opinions' idea.

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