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Psychoanalysis, founded by Sigmund Freud, emphasizes that unconscious drives, repressed memories, and early childhood experiences are the primary determinants of adult personality and behavior. Key concepts include the id/ego/superego, defence mechanisms, and psychosexual stages of development. Behavioral psychology focuses on observable behavior; cognitive on thought processes; humanistic on personal growth and self-actualization.

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Nursing QUESTION #9132

Question 3049

A pregnant woman at 34 weeks presents with sudden onset epigastric/right upper quadrant pain, nausea, vomiting, and jaundice. Labs show: platelets 78,000/µL, AST 320 U/L, LDH 890 U/L, Hb 8.2 g/dL (falling). This BEST describes:

Severe Preeclampsia only
HELLP Syndrome✔️
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy
Cholestasis of Pregnancy

Correct Answer Logic:

HELLP Syndrome is a severe complication of preeclampsia:

Hemolysis + Elevated Liver enzymes + Low Platelets

Finding	Diagnostic Criterion	This Patient
Hemolysis (falling Hb, high LDH)	LDH $>600\,\text{U/L}$	LDH 890 ✓
Elevated liver enzymes	AST/ALT $>70\,\text{U/L}$	AST 320 ✓
Low platelets	$<100{,}000/\mu\text{L}$	78,000 ✓

Management:

Immediate hospitalization, stabilization
IV MgSO₄ for seizure prophylaxis
Antihypertensives if BP $\geq 160/110\,\text{mmHg}$
Corticosteroids (dexamethasone) to improve platelet count temporarily
Delivery is the definitive treatment (regardless of gestational age if $\geq 34$ weeks)
Platelet transfusion if $<50{,}000$ before CS or $<20{,}000$ with vaginal delivery

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Urdu QUESTION #5086

Question 3050

درست ضربِ مثل کون سی ہے؟

غریب کی جورو سب کی خالہ✔️
غریب کی جورو سب کی بھابھی
غریب کی جورو سب کی تائی
ان میں سے کوئی نہیں

Correct Answer Logic:

صحیح ضربِ مثل ہے: 'غریب کی جورو سب کی خالہ' یعنی کمزور پر سب ہی حکم چلاتے ہیں۔

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Agronomy QUESTION #2073

Question 3051

The Blaney-Criddle method of estimating crop water requirements is primarily based on:

Net solar radiation and wind speed data
Mean monthly temperature and daylight hours (sunshine percentage), making it suitable for regions where only temperature data are available but less accurate than the Penman-Monteith method✔️
Actual measured pan evaporation data corrected by a pan coefficient
Soil type and available water capacity in the root zone

Correct Answer Logic:

The Blaney-Criddle formula $ET = p(0.46T + 8)$ uses only mean monthly temperature (T) and monthly percentage of annual daylight hours (p). It was widely used before reliable radiation and humidity data were available. While simple, it overestimates ET in humid conditions and underestimates in arid climates — less accurate than the Penman-Monteith equation.

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General Knowledge QUESTION #4484

Question 3052

An economic model to eliminate waste and reuse resources is called:

Rational consumption
Mercantilism
Circular economy✔️
None of these

Correct Answer Logic:

Circular economy focuses on reuse, recycling, and sustainability.

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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3284

Question 3053

'Sterilization' is defined as the:

Reduction of microbial population to a safe level
Complete destruction of all forms of microbial life including spores✔️
Inhibition of bacterial growth
Removal of visible dirt

Correct Answer Logic:

Sterilization is an absolute term; an object is either sterile or it is not.

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Chemistry QUESTION #4373

Question 3054

Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of benzene?

Aromaticity
Stability
To follow Hückel rule
High reactivity✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

Benzene ($C_6H_6$) is characterized by aromaticity, stability (due to delocalized $\pi$ electrons), and follows Hückel's rule ($4n+2\ \pi$ electrons, $n=1$). Benzene has LOW reactivity (not high) — it prefers substitution over addition to preserve aromaticity.

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Pakistan Affairs QUESTION #9051

Question 3055

The first Pakistani climber to summit Mount Everest on May 17, 2000 was:

Nazir Sabir✔️
Salma Salim
Namira Salim
Ashraf Aman

Correct Answer Logic:

Nazir Sabir was the first Pakistani on Everest.

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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3169

Question 3056

The pH of human blood is normally within the range of:

$6.5$ to $7.0$
$7.35$ to $7.45$✔️
$7.0$ to $8.0$
$1.0$ to $3.0$

Correct Answer Logic:

Blood is slightly alkaline and strictly regulated.

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Logical Reasoning QUESTION #4434

Question 3057

How many trees are in the orchard? Which of the statements below are needed to sufficiently answer this question? I. Ibrahim is a farmer and looks after half of the trees in the orchard. II. $300$ trees in the orchard are under Ibrahim's care.

I is enough
II is enough
Both I and II are needed✔️
Neither I nor II are sufficient

Correct Answer Logic:

Statement I alone tells us Ibrahim looks after half the trees but gives no actual number. Statement II alone tells us $300$ trees are under Ibrahim's care but does not tell us what fraction that is. Together: if Ibrahim cares for half the trees and that equals $300$, then total trees $= 300 \times 2 = 600$. Both statements are needed.

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Paper-II (Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics-I) QUESTION #2967

Question 3058

'Eutectic Mixtures' are substances that:

Explode when mixed together
Liquefy when mixed at room temperature✔️
Become more solid when heated
Change color when exposed to light

Correct Answer Logic:

Eutectic mixtures (e.g., camphor and menthol) have a combined melting point lower than room temperature.

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Math Physics Chemistry Biology QUESTION #4217

Question 3059

Which of the following hormone is not produced in older women?

Estrogen✔️
Gastrin
Secretin
Renin

Correct Answer Logic:

Estrogen production decreases after menopause.

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Administration QUESTION #9554

Question 3060

Pakistan's federal structure creates a concurrent legislative list under the Constitution. What is the practical administrative implication when the Federal Government creates a welfare programme but relies on provincial governments to implement it?

It violates the principle of unity of direction — each programme must have one head and one plan within a single governmental tier
It creates overlapping authority that may produce inconsistency in implementation standards, accountability gaps and inter-governmental coordination challenges✔️
It requires that provincial civil servants involved in implementation be deputationed to the federal government for the duration of the programme
It necessitates that the National Economic Council formally approve the programme before provinces can begin implementation

Correct Answer Logic:

When federal policy is implemented provincially, administrative accountability becomes fragmented — the federal government sets policy but lacks direct control over delivery, while provinces implement but may not share the same objectives or resources. This produces the classic problem of federal-provincial coordination failure, inconsistent service delivery, and blurred accountability — a structural challenge unique to public (not private) administration.

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Finding	Diagnostic Criterion	This Patient
Hemolysis (falling Hb, high LDH)	LDH \(>600\,\text{U/L}\)	LDH 890 ✓
Elevated liver enzymes	AST/ALT \(>70\,\text{U/L}\)	AST 320 ✓
Low platelets	\(<100{,}000/\mu\text{L}\)	78,000 ✓