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Nursing QUESTION #9242

A patient in the ICU is on continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). The Charge Nurse notices the effluent bag is not filling and the circuit pressure alarms are high. What is the MOST likely problem?

Dialysate flow rate is too high
Circuit clotting — filter obstruction✔️
Anticoagulation is excessive
Patient is in fluid overload

Correct Answer Logic:

Correct Answer: B — Circuit clotting

CRRT circuit clotting is the most common complication of CRRT in ICU, especially in patients with:

Hypercoagulable states
Inadequate anticoagulation
Low blood flow rates
High hematocrit

Signs of circuit clotting:

High filter/transmembrane pressure alarms
Reduced or absent effluent output
Dark color of blood in circuit
Frequent circuit 'down' time

Prevention strategies:

Regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA): First-line anticoagulation in CRRT (KDIGO 2012)
Systemic heparin infusion (if no bleeding risk)
Maintain blood flow rate $\geq 150-200 \text{ mL/min}$
Predilution mode (dilutes blood before filter)

When clotting occurs, the circuit must be changed and anticoagulation reassessed.

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Tourism & Hospitality Management QUESTION #1592

Question 3302

Which type of tourism involves visiting natural environments with a focus on conservation, local benefit, and environmental education, and is listed as a neotourism form in the Pakistan Tourist Destinations course?

Sports and adventure tourism
MICE tourism
Ecotourism✔️
Gastronomic tourism

Correct Answer Logic:

Ecotourism is specifically listed under the Neotourism module of the Pakistan Tourist Destinations course alongside Medical Tourism, Camping Tourism, MICE Tourism, and Pilgrimage Tourism as an emerging tourism form characterized by nature-based experiences, conservation focus, and local community benefit.

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Math (Module-1) QUESTION #5475

Question 3303

A right triangle has sides of length $2\sqrt{2}, 6\sqrt{2}$, and $\sqrt{80}$ units. What is the area of the triangle, in square units?

$\sqrt{82} + \sqrt{80}$
12✔️
$24\sqrt{80}$
24

Correct Answer Logic:

Legs are $2\sqrt{2}$ and $6\sqrt{2}$ because $(2\sqrt{2})^2 + (6\sqrt{2})^2 = 8 + 72 = 80 = (\sqrt{80})^2$. Area $= \frac{1}{2} \times 2\sqrt{2} \times 6\sqrt{2} = 12$.

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Paper-II (Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics-I) QUESTION #2984

Question 3304

What is the weight in grams of $250\text{ ml}$ of a liquid with a specific gravity of $0.80$?

$200\text{ g}$✔️
$250\text{ g}$
$312.5\text{ g}$
$300\text{ g}$

Correct Answer Logic:

Weight $=$ Volume $\times$ Specific Gravity. $250 \times 0.80 = 200\text{ g}$.

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Chemistry QUESTION #7116

Question 3305

A $5.1\text{ g}$ sample of $NH_{4}SH$ is placed in a $3.0\text{ L}$ evacuated flask at $327^{\circ}C$. If $30\%$ of the solid decomposes into $NH_{3}(g)$ and $H_{2}S(g)$, find the $K_p$ for this reaction. ($R = 0.082\text{ L atm mol}^{-1}\text{ K}^{-1}$)

$0.242 \times 10^{-4} \text{ atm}^2$
$1 \times 10^{-4} \text{ atm}^2$
$4.9 \times 10^{-3} \text{ atm}^2$
$0.242 \text{ atm}^2$✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

Molar mass of $NH_4SH = 51\text{ g/mol}$. Initial moles $= 5.1/51 = 0.1\text{ mol}$.
At equilibrium, moles of $NH_3 = H_2S = 0.1 \times 0.3 = 0.03\text{ mol}$.
Using $PV = nRT$: $P_{NH_3} = P_{H_2S} = \frac{0.03 \times 0.082 \times 600}{3} = 0.492\text{ atm}$.
$K_p = P_{NH_3} \times P_{H_2S} = (0.492)^2 \approx 0.242\text{ atm}^2$.

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Chemistry QUESTION #5572

Question 3306

What is the major product when $R-C\equiv N$ is treated with (1) $AlH(i-Bu)_2$ (DIBAL-H), then (2) $H_2O$?

RCOOH
$RCONH_2$
RCHO✔️
$RCH_2NH_2$

Correct Answer Logic:

DIBAL-H (diisobutylaluminium hydride) at low temperature partially reduces a nitrile ($RC\equiv N$) to an imine intermediate ($RCH=NH$), which upon aqueous workup ($H_2O$) hydrolyses to give an aldehyde (RCHO). Full reduction with $LiAlH_4$ would give the amine $RCH_2NH_2$.

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Accounting Finance and Punjab Sales Tax on Services QUESTION #2559

Question 3307

Under section 49(1)(b) of the Punjab Sales Tax on Services Act, 2012, the default surcharge rate specifically applicable where the default is on account of TAX FRAUD is:

Inter-bank rate plus three percent per annum
One percent per month
Two percent per month✔️
Five percent per annum

Correct Answer Logic:

Section 49(1)(b) provides that in case the default is on account of tax fraud, the person who has committed tax fraud shall pay default surcharge at the rate of TWO percent per month of the amount of tax evaded, till the entire liability is paid. The general rate under 49(1)(a) is inter-bank rate plus 3% per annum.

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MCQs Section QUESTION #4831

Question 3308

Select the word nearly similar in meaning to "CICERONE"

Teacher
Literary classic
Chaperone
Guide✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

A cicerone is a guide who explains the history and details of places of interest to visitors or sightseers. The word derives from the Roman orator Cicero, known for his eloquence.

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English QUESTION #8361

Question 3309

Cataclysm means:

upheaval✔️
catalyst
moderator
catcall

Correct Answer Logic:

Cataclysm means a violent upheaval or disaster.

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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3266

Question 3310

'Ketosis' occurs when the body primarily burns:

Sugar
Fats (producing ketone bodies)✔️
Proteins
Water

Correct Answer Logic:

Common in starvation or uncontrolled diabetes.

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General Abilities QUESTION #4526

Question 3311

Solve: $2x + 5 > 13$

$x > 4$✔️
$x > 9$
$x < 4$
$x \geq 4$

Correct Answer Logic:

$2x + 5 > 13 \Rightarrow 2x > 8 \Rightarrow x > 4$

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Library Sciences QUESTION #1536

Question 3312

In the context of library budgeting, a 'zero-based budget' requires managers to:

Carry forward the previous year's budget with a percentage increase
Justify every expenditure from scratch each budget cycle regardless of prior allocations✔️
Allocate funds only for new programs and services
Submit a budget with no surplus or deficit

Correct Answer Logic:

A zero-based budget (ZBB) requires every budget item to be re-justified from zero each cycle, regardless of what was spent previously. Unlike incremental budgeting, it forces managers to prioritize and justify all programs and expenditures anew — a demanding but thorough approach.

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Islamic Studies QUESTION #7892

Question 3313

Which Swab of the Holy Quran addresses Islamic laws regarding marriage and divorce?

Al Nisa✔️
Al Baqrah
Al Furqan
Al Ankabut

Correct Answer Logic:

Surah Al-Nisa (Chapter 4) contains detailed Islamic laws regarding marriage, divorce, inheritance, and women's rights. The word 'Nisa' means 'women,' and this Surah provides comprehensive guidance on family law, including rules about polygamy, waiting periods (Iddah), and fair treatment of wives.

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ETAG General Aptitude QUESTION #3768

Question 3314 (Select all that apply)

In the context of English grammar and logical reasoning, which of the following statements about 'Syllogisms' are correct?

A syllogism consists of two premises and a conclusion.✔️
The conclusion is derived from the premises.✔️
All premises must be objectively true for a syllogism to be valid.
If the premises are true and the logic is valid, the conclusion must be true.✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

Syllogisms depend on logical structure (validity) rather than objective truth of premises (truth). Option 3 is false.

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English QUESTION #8523

Question 3315

The students who had the flu had a(n) _______ reason for missing school. Their absence that day was a(n) _______.

unwarranted... anomaly
legitimate... aberration✔️
unjustifiable... travesty
inconsolable... fluke

Correct Answer Logic:

Legitimate reason; aberration means deviation from the norm.

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Pakistan Affairs QUESTION #296

Question 3316

What marked Benazir Bhutto's tenure as Prime Minister from 1988 to 1990?

Economic growth
The first time a woman led a Muslim-majority country✔️
Political harmony
Constitutional development

Correct Answer Logic:

She made history as the first female Prime Minister in the Muslim world.+1

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Tourism & Hospitality Management QUESTION #1631

Question 3317

The Travel & Tour Operations course identifies the distinction between a 'wholesale travel agency' and a 'tour operator.' Which of the following best captures this distinction as covered in the curriculum?

A wholesale travel agency sells only airline tickets; a tour operator sells only hotel rooms
A wholesale travel agency acts as an intermediary distributing products created by others, while a tour operator creates, packages, and prices its own tour products by combining transport, accommodation, and services✔️
A wholesale travel agency is government-owned; a tour operator is privately owned
A wholesale travel agency operates internationally; a tour operator operates only domestically

Correct Answer Logic:

The Travel & Tour Operations course (Module 1) specifically addresses the 'Distinction between wholesale travel agency and tour operator business.' A wholesale travel agency distributes and resells tourism products, while a tour operator creates original packaged products by combining and contracting transport, accommodation, meals, and activities — assuming principal liability for the package.

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