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State laws that discriminate based on alienage are generally subject to strict scrutiny (unless it involves 'self-government' functions like voting or being a police officer). Note: Federal laws on alienage get rational basis.

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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3151

Question 4424

The 'Olfactory' receptors are located in the upper part of the:

Mouth
Nasal cavity✔️
Throat
Ear

Correct Answer Logic:

Smell is detected in the roof of the nasal cavity.

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Library Sciences QUESTION #1509

Question 4425

In information retrieval, which type of retrieval tool uses a controlled vocabulary to represent the subject content of documents?

Full-text search engine
Thesaurus-based index✔️
Free-text keyword system
Boolean retrieval without vocabulary control

Correct Answer Logic:

A thesaurus-based index uses a controlled vocabulary — a structured list of preferred terms with cross-references — to consistently represent subject content, improving retrieval precision over uncontrolled free-text keyword systems.

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Mathematics QUESTION #4112

Question 4426

In $\mathbb{Z}_{18}$, what is the order of the cyclic subgroup generated by element $6$?

$2$
$3$✔️
$6$
$9$

Correct Answer Logic:

Order of $\langle 6 \rangle = \frac{18}{\gcd(6,18)} = \frac{18}{6} = 3$.

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English QUESTION #2729

Question 4427

Choose the correct PAST PERFECT form: 'By the time she arrived

he ___ the food.'✔️
eats
is eating
ate

Correct Answer Logic:

3

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Urdu QUESTION #5202

Question 4428

'نثار میں تیری گلیوں کے اے وطن' یہ شعر کس شاعر کا ہے؟

غالب
اقبال
فیض احمد فیض✔️
احمد فراز

Correct Answer Logic:

یہ مشہور شعر فیض احمد فیض کی نظم 'دعا' سے ہے جو وطن سے گہری محبت کا اظہار کرتا ہے۔

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Urdu QUESTION #5146

Question 4429

اینٹ سے اینٹ بجانا محاورے کا مطلب ہے؟

امید پوری ہونا
تباہ و برباد کرنا✔️
بے عزت کرنا
بہت زیادہ شور کرنا

Correct Answer Logic:

اینٹ سے اینٹ بجانا محاورے کا مطلب ہے مکمل تباہ و برباد کر دینا۔

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Biology QUESTION #4292

Question 4430

Why are thick filaments unable to bind with thin filaments in a relaxed muscle fiber?

Actin blocks the myosin binding site
Tropomyosin blocks the myosin binding site✔️
Troponin blocks the myosin binding site
Tropomyosin blocks the troponin binding site

Correct Answer Logic:

In a relaxed muscle, tropomyosin covers the myosin-binding sites on actin filaments, preventing cross-bridge formation. Calcium ions ($Ca^{2+}$) are required to move tropomyosin away.

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English QUESTION #2763

Question 4431

Find the word SIMILAR IN MEANING to 'Diligent'.

Lazy
Careless
Hardworking✔️
Idle

Correct Answer Logic:

'Diligent' means showing steady and careful effort in work. 'Hardworking' has the same meaning. 'Lazy', 'Careless', and 'Idle' are opposite in meaning.

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Library Sciences QUESTION #1565

Question 4432

Which protocol enables interoperability between different library systems by allowing one system to query the catalogues of another using a standard search interface?

HTTP
FTP
Z39.50✔️
SMTP

Correct Answer Logic:

Z39.50 is a client-server protocol that enables one library system (client) to search and retrieve records from another system's database (server) using a standardized interface. It is fundamental to union catalogue searching, shared cataloguing, and federated search systems.

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English QUESTION #2774

Question 4433

Which ONE WORD means: 'A doctor who treats diseases of the mind'?

Physician
Cardiologist
Neurologist
Psychiatrist✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

A 'Psychiatrist' is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. A Physician is a general doctor; Cardiologist treats heart diseases; Neurologist treats nervous system disorders.

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Mathematics QUESTION #1288

Question 4434

A linear transformation $T:\mathbb{R}^3\to\mathbb{R}^2$ must satisfy, for all $\mathbf{u},\mathbf{v}\in\mathbb{R}^3$ and scalar $c$:

T($\mathbf{u}+\mathbf{v}) = T(\mathbf{u})\cdot T(\mathbf{v})$
T(c$\mathbf{u}) = c^2T(\mathbf{u})$
T($\mathbf{u}+\mathbf{v}) = T(\mathbf{u})+T(\mathbf{v})$ and $T(c\mathbf{u})=cT(\mathbf{u})$✔️
T must be onto

Correct Answer Logic:

A linear transformation satisfies two properties: (1) Additivity: $T(\mathbf{u}+\mathbf{v})=T(\mathbf{u})+T(\mathbf{v})$, and (2) Homogeneity: $T(c\mathbf{u})=cT(\mathbf{u})$. Both must hold simultaneously. Together they imply $T(c\mathbf{u}+d\mathbf{v})=cT(\mathbf{u})+dT(\mathbf{v})$.

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Professional QUESTION #1872

Question 4435

Under Rule 18 & 19, for how long can an ad hoc appointment be made with prior FPSC clearance for posts within FPSC purview?

Three months or less
Six months or less✔️
One year or less
Two years or less

Correct Answer Logic:

Rule 19 states the appointing authority may fill a post on ad hoc basis for a period of six months or less after obtaining prior clearance of the Commission.

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Chemistry QUESTION #1107

Question 4436

For phosphoric acid ionizing in three steps with $K_{a1}, K_{a2}, K_{a3}$ and overall K. Which statements are true? A. $\log K = \log K_{a1}+\log K_{a2}+\log K_{a3}$. B. H$_3$PO$_4$ is stronger acid than H$_2$PO$_4^-$ and HPO$_4^{2-}$. C. $K_{a1}>K_{a2}>K_{a3}$. D. $K_{a1}=\frac{K_{a3}+K_{a2}}{2}$

B, C and D only
A, B and C only✔️
A and B only
A and C only

Correct Answer Logic:

A: Overall K = K$_{a1}$$\times$K$_{a2}$$\times$K$_{a3}$, so $\log K=\log K_{a1}+\log K_{a2}+\log K_{a3}$ ✓. B: Each successive ionization is from a more negatively charged species → harder to remove H$^+$ → H$_3$PO$_4$ is strongest ✓. C: $K_{a1}>K_{a2}>K_{a3}$ because successive ionizations from more negative species ✓. D: No such relationship exists — D is false. Correct: A, B, C = option (2).

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English QUESTION #4446

Question 4437

My brother was trembling ____ cold?

from
with✔️
of
by

Correct Answer Logic:

The preposition 'with' is correctly used to indicate the cause of an emotional or physical state like trembling.

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Dairy Food Science and Technology QUESTION #6001

Question 4438

Which of the following is used to detect the presence of Solids-Not-Fat (SNF) adulteration by addition of skim milk powder (SMP) to milk?

Alcohol precipitation test
Tyrosine index test or measurement of elevated non-protein nitrogen and reduced Whey Protein Nitrogen Index (WPNI) inconsistent with fresh milk (heat denaturation of whey proteins in SMP lowers WPNI)✔️
Clot on boiling test
Lactometer reading alone

Correct Answer Logic:

Detection of added SMP in milk involves: (1) Tyrosine index (proteolysis products elevated in SMP); (2) Whey Protein Nitrogen Index (WPNI) — lower in SMP-added milk due to heat denaturation of whey proteins; (3) Lactulose content (elevated in heated SMP); (4) Freezing point measurement inconsistencies. No single test is definitive; a battery of tests is required.

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Others section QUESTION #4784

Question 4439

Which province in Afghanistan is the largest opium-producing region?

Helmand✔️
Nangarhar
Badakhshan
Kandahar

Correct Answer Logic:

Helmand province in southern Afghanistan is consistently the world's largest single source of illicit opium, accounting for a significant portion of Afghanistan's total opium production.

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Mathematics QUESTION #4138

Question 4440

For $\vec{r} = x\hat{i} + y\hat{j} + z\hat{k}$, what is $\nabla \cdot \vec{r}$?

$0$
$1$
$3$✔️
$r$

Correct Answer Logic:

$\nabla \cdot \vec{r} = \frac{\partial x}{\partial x} + \frac{\partial y}{\partial y} + \frac{\partial z}{\partial z} = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3$.

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