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1. Variable Cost per unit = ($90,000 + $6,000) / 6,000 = $16.
2. Contribution per unit = $40 - $16 = $24.
3. Total Fixed Costs = $54,000 + $21,000 = $75,000.
4. Required Units = (Fixed Costs + Target Profit) / Contribution = ($75,000 + $45,000) / $24 = 5,000 units.

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Paper-II (Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics-I) QUESTION #3006

Question 4592

'Cracking' of an emulsion refers to:

The addition of flavor
Permanent separation of the two phases✔️
Formation of a thick cream layer
A change in the container's glass

Correct Answer Logic:

Cracking (or breaking) is the irreversible separation of the oil and water phases.

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Paper-II (Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics-I) QUESTION #3673

Question 4593

Which drug is an 'Expectorant' (helps clear mucus)?

Senna
Vasaka (Adhatoda)✔️
Aloe
Castor oil

Correct Answer Logic:

Vasaka is a traditional remedy for bronchitis and cough.

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English QUESTION #2685

Question 4594

Which modal verb expresses 'ability'? 'I ___ speak three languages fluently.'

must
can✔️
should
may

Correct Answer Logic:

'Can' is used to express physical or mental ability.

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Commerce QUESTION #6085

Question 4595

In the absence of a formal partnership agreement, which of the following rules apply under standard partnership law?

Partners receive 10% interest per annum on loans to the business.
Partners receive 5% interest per annum on their capital.
No interest is charged on partners' drawings.
Partners are not entitled to a salary.

1 and 3
1 and 4
2 and 3
3 and 4✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

Under the UK Partnership Act 1890 (often used as the basis for these exams), if no agreement exists: no interest on capital, no salaries, no interest on drawings, and interest on partner loans is usually 5% (not 10%). Thus, only 3 and 4 are correct.

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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3295

Question 4596

The large vessel used for industrial microbial growth is called a:

Autoclave
Incubator
Bioreactor (Fermenter)✔️
Centrifuge

Correct Answer Logic:

Bioreactors control $pH$, temperature, and aeration for optimal microbial yield.

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Commerce QUESTION #6104

Question 4597

Motor vehicles costing $530,000 were depreciated at 10% straight-line instead of the correct 25%. After incorrect entries: Motor vehicles at cost $530,000; Provision for depreciation $53,000. Which journal entries will correct the error?

Debit: Provision for depreciation $79,500 | Credit: Statement of profit or loss $79,500
Debit: Provision for depreciation $132,500 | Credit: Statement of profit or loss $132,500
Debit: Statement of profit or loss $79,500 | Credit: Provision for depreciation $79,500✔️
Debit: Statement of profit or loss $132,500 | Credit: Provision for depreciation $132,500

Correct Answer Logic:

Option C is correct.

Correct depreciation = $530,000 × 25% = $132,500

Already charged = $530,000 × 10% = $53,000

Additional needed = $132,500 − $53,000 = $79,500

Entry: Debit Statement of profit or loss $79,500 | Credit Provision for depreciation $79,500

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Statistics QUESTION #1963

Question 4598

The statistical measure that describes the extent to which numerical data tends to scatter or deviate around a central average is known as:

Dispersion✔️
Regression
Correlation
Kurtosis

Correct Answer Logic:

Dispersion refers to the spread or scatter of data values around an average. Common measures include range, variance $\sigma^2$, and standard deviation $\sigma$.

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Chemistry QUESTION #1428

Question 4599

Fugacity is used to measure:

Real gas behavior✔️
Ideal gas compressibility
Equilibrium constant
None of these

Correct Answer Logic:

Fugacity is a thermodynamic property introduced by G.N. Lewis to describe the effective pressure of a real gas — it accounts for non-ideal behaviour. For an ideal gas, fugacity equals pressure, but for real gases it deviates due to intermolecular interactions. It is used in place of pressure in thermodynamic equations (like chemical potential) when dealing with real gases.

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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3332

Question 4600

'Tyndallization' is a process of:

Freezing bacteria
Intermittent sterilization using steam at $100^\circ\text{C}$✔️
Using UV light
Using sound waves

Correct Answer Logic:

It is used for materials that might be damaged by the higher temperatures of an autoclave.

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