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Law QUESTION #9535

A Court recording evidence in a civil suit allows a party to produce a document which is a carbon copy of an original without proving the original's existence or unavailability. The opposing party objects. What should the Court do?

Allow the copy and direct the original to be produced later
Sustain the objection; secondary evidence of a document including carbon copies can only be admitted under the circumstances prescribed in the Evidence Act, such as proving the original is lost, destroyed or in the possession of the opposite party; mere production of a copy without accounting for the original is improper✔️
Allow the carbon copy since all copies are equivalent
Allow the copy since civil Courts have relaxed evidentiary standards

Correct Answer Logic:

Under the Qanun-e-Shahadat Order 1984 (the Pakistani evidence law), secondary evidence of a document is only admissible after the original has been proved to be lost, in the possession of the adverse party, in the custody of a person abroad, or otherwise unavailable. Admission of a copy without establishing the above conditions violates the best evidence rule.

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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3375

Question 462

'Benedict’s Test' is used to detect the presence of:

Non-reducing sugars
Reducing sugars✔️
Proteins
Lipids

Correct Answer Logic:

Reducing sugars (like glucose) reduce cupric ions to cuprous oxide, forming a brick-red precipitate.

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General Knowledge QUESTION #11573

Question 463

In classic MS Word, which menu provides options to alter font size and style?

View
Tools
Format✔️
Data

Correct Answer Logic:

In MS Word 2003 and earlier, font size and typeface changes are made via the Format menu → Font. In Word 2007+ (ribbon), font formatting is in the Home tab → Font group, with font name, size, bold, italic, underline, and colour options all accessible in one location.

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Home Economics QUESTION #6263

Question 464

Therapeutic nutrition for a hypertensive patient typically involves a diet low in:

Protein
Sodium✔️
Fiber
Carbohydrates

Correct Answer Logic:

Reducing sodium intake helps lower blood pressure by reducing water retention in the bloodstream.

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General Knowledge QUESTION #11551

Question 465

How many worksheets are present by default in a new workbook in older versions of Excel?

2
3✔️
4
5

Correct Answer Logic:

In MS Excel 2010 and earlier, a new workbook contained 3 sheets (Sheet1, Sheet2, Sheet3) by default. Excel 2013+ changed this to 1 sheet per workbook. The default count can be customised in Excel Options → General → 'Include this many sheets.' Sheets can be added or deleted at any time.

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Law QUESTION #9471

Question 466

A suit between A and B regarding ownership of agricultural land situated partly in the jurisdiction of Civil Court Lahore and partly in the jurisdiction of Civil Court Sheikhupura was instituted in Civil Court Lahore. The entire claim is within the pecuniary competence of Civil Court Lahore. B objects that the suit should lie in Sheikhupura since the larger portion of land is there. How should the Court rule?

Direct both Courts to jointly try the suit
Transfer the suit to Sheikhupura as the major portion of property is situate there
Uphold B's objection and return the plaint for presentation to Sheikhupura
Dismiss B's objection; the suit is properly instituted as any portion of the property lies within Lahore's jurisdiction and the entire claim is within its pecuniary competence✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

Section 17 CPC provides that where immoveable property is situate within the jurisdiction of different Courts, a suit may be instituted in any Court within whose local limits any portion of the property is situate, provided the entire claim is cognisable by such Court. The Lahore Court satisfies both conditions.

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English QUESTION #8369

Question 467

Choose the correct sentence:

She was dressed with black
She was dressed in black✔️
She was dressed for black
None of these

Correct Answer Logic:

'Dressed in black' is correct.

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Aptitude QUESTION #10940

Question 468

An odd one out question: Which of the following is a Gothic architectural feature?

Barrel vault
Pointed arch✔️
Pendentive
Hypostyle hall

Correct Answer Logic:

Gothic architecture (12th–16th century, primarily European) is characterised by:

Pointed arch ✓ — the defining feature
Flying buttress
Ribbed vault
Large stained glass windows

Other options:

Barrel vault = Romanesque architecture
Pendentive = Byzantine architecture (used to transition from square base to circular dome)
Hypostyle hall = Ancient Egyptian architecture (hall with many columns)

Pointed arch is the most iconic and structurally significant Gothic element.

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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3148

Question 469

The 'Tympanic Membrane' is the medical term for the:

Inner ear
Ear drum✔️
Ear canal
Eustachian tube

Correct Answer Logic:

The eardrum vibrates in response to sound waves.

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English QUESTION #8434

Question 470

Identify the correctly spelled word:

Attraction✔️
Infraction
Revision
Intention

Correct Answer Logic:

All correct. Key says A 'Attraction'.

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Verbal Reasoning QUESTION #8077

Question 471

$\triangle RST$ is isosceles and $\angle RST = 40°$.

Compare:

Column A: The sum of the measures of the two angles of $\triangle RST$ that have equal measure

Column B: $120°$

Column A is greater
Column B is greater
The two quantities are equal
The relationship cannot be determined✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

In an isosceles triangle, two angles are equal. The sum of all angles in a triangle is $180°$.

Case 1: If $\angle RST = 40°$ is one of the two equal angles, then the two equal angles sum to $2 \times 40° = 80°$, and the third angle is $180° - 80° = 100°$.

Case 2: If $\angle RST = 40°$ is the unique angle (not one of the equal pair), then the two equal angles each measure $\frac{180° - 40°}{2} = 70°$, and their sum is $2 \times 70° = 140°$.

In Case 1, Column A = $80° < 120°$, so Column B is greater.

In Case 2, Column A = $140° > 120°$, so Column A is greater.

Since both cases are possible, the relationship cannot be determined.

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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3272

Question 472

Microbiology is the study of organisms that are usually smaller than:

10 mm
1 mm✔️
0.1 mm
0.01 mm

Correct Answer Logic:

Microorganisms are generally defined as being less than $1\text{ mm}$ in diameter and often require a microscope to see.

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Maths QUESTION #4503

Question 473

Which property states that $a \times b = b \times a$?

Associative
Commutative✔️
Distributive
Identity

Correct Answer Logic:

The commutative property of multiplication states that order doesn't matter: $a \times b = b \times a$

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Ability / HR / Governance / Special Education QUESTION #1813

Question 474

According to Rule 46(1), procuring agencies are required to maintain records of their procurement proceedings along with all associated documentation for a minimum period of:

Two years
Three years
Five years✔️
Seven years

Correct Answer Logic:

Rule 46(1) mandates that all procuring agencies shall maintain a record of their respective procurement proceedings along with all associated documentation for a minimum period of five years, subject to any additional regulations framed in this regard.

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Planning QUESTION #4931

Question 475

What is the main purpose of a Housing Needs Assessment?

To design house layouts
To estimate future housing demand and requirements✔️
To set property prices
To allocate housing subsidies

Correct Answer Logic:

Housing Needs Assessment systematically analyzes demographic trends, household formation, income levels, and existing stock to project future housing demand and inform policy decisions.

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Civil Procedure QUESTION #5665

Question 476

A party wishes to depose an expert witness who has been retained by the opposing side for trial preparation but is not expected to be called as a witness at trial. Under Rule 26(b)(4)(D), when is this allowed?

Always, as long as the party pays the expert's reasonable fee.
Only upon a showing of 'substantial need' and 'undue hardship'.
Only as provided in Rule 35(b) or on showing 'exceptional circumstances' where it is impracticable to obtain facts or opinions by other means.✔️
Never; non-testifying experts are completely protected from discovery.

Correct Answer Logic:

Rule 26(b)(4)(D) provides that a party may not discover facts known or opinions held by a non-testifying expert except as provided in Rule 35(b) or on showing exceptional circumstances.

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Pakistan Affairs QUESTION #9119

Question 477

The tune of Pakistan's national anthem was composed by which musician?

Khawaja Khurshid Anwar
Naushad Ali
Sohail Rana
Abdul Karim Chagla✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

Chagla composed the tune.

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Boilers Mechanical Engineering QUESTION #2419

Question 478

The Stefan-Boltzmann Law gives the maximum heat flux emitted by a blackbody surface at absolute temperature $T_s$ as:

$q''_{SB} = \sigma T_s^2$
$q''_{SB} = \varepsilon\sigma T_s^4$
$q''_{SB} = \sigma T_s^4$ (blackbody, $\varepsilon=1$)✔️
$q''_{SB} = h_r(T_s - T_{surr})$

Correct Answer Logic:

Stefan-Boltzmann Law for a perfect blackbody ($\varepsilon=1$): $q''_{SB}=\sigma T_s^4$ where $\sigma=5.67\times10^{-8}$ W/m²·K⁴.

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Library Sciences QUESTION #1535

Question 479

According to Stueart and Moran (2007), which type of planning establishes an organization's long-term direction, mission, and broad goals, typically covering a 3–5 year horizon?

Operational planning
Contingency planning
Strategic planning✔️
Tactical planning

Correct Answer Logic:

Strategic planning in library management sets the long-term direction of the institution — defining mission, vision, and broad goals over a multi-year horizon. Operational planning deals with day-to-day activities, while tactical planning addresses medium-term implementation steps.

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Biology Zoology Botany QUESTION #1356

Question 480

Which of the following is the dominant generation in the life cycle of Pteridophytes?

Sporophyte✔️
Gametophyte
Seedling
Embryo

Correct Answer Logic:

In pteridophytes (ferns and allies), the sporophyte generation (diploid, 2n) is the dominant, independent, and conspicuous phase — the familiar leafy fern plant. The gametophyte (haploid, n) is a small, inconspicuous, short-lived prothallus. This contrasts with bryophytes where the gametophyte is dominant, and represents an evolutionary advancement.

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