The textbook makes a philosophically profound point about the temporal dimensions of communication effects: “Effects of communication are not limited to present day activities but as a matter of fact they go beyond the limits of time and space.” The primary example given is scientific discovery: many scientists who theorised about electromagnetic waves in the 19th century could not prove their theories in their lifetimes, yet they communicated their ideas through publications. Other scientists built on this accumulated communication, eventually enabling inventions like radio. This illustrates how a single communicative act (a scientist's paper, an artist's manuscript, a philosopher's treatise) can have effects across centuries. The textbook gives another example: a medical researcher sharing a small discovery that, through the global communication network, reaches scientists thousands of miles away and contributes to a cure for a disease. Communication, therefore, is cumulative across time and space.

Choose 4 novels from 6: $\binom{6}{4} = 15$ ways.

Choose 1 dictionary from 3: $\binom{3}{1} = 3$ ways.

Arrange 5 books in a row with dictionary fixed in the middle: the 4 novels occupy the 4 remaining positions, giving $4! = 24$ arrangements.

Total $= 15 \times 3 \times 24 = \mathbf{1080}$

Since $1080 \geq 1000$, the answer is at least 1000.

Retention focuses on preventing undesirable detachments of talented and motivated workers. The goal isn't zero turnover (some turnover is healthy), but rather keeping high-value employees who contribute significantly to organizational success.

Total cost $= 19{,}00{,}000 + 1{,}00{,}000 = Rs.\ 20{,}00{,}000$

Depreciable amount $= 20{,}00{,}000 - 40{,}000 = Rs.\ 19{,}60{,}000$

Annual depreciation (SLM) $= \dfrac{19{,}60{,}000}{5} = Rs.\ 3{,}92{,}000$

Under the Straight Line Method, depreciation is equal every year. So the 4th year's depreciation is also Rs. 3,92,000. There is no change between years in SLM.