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Left heart failure causes pulmonary congestion with symptoms of shortness of breath, orthopnoea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea. Jugular venous distension and hepatojugular reflux are signs of right heart failure.

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Physics QUESTION #4401

Question 10504

The reciprocal of the resistivity of a material is called its:

Impedance
Conductivity✔️
Admittance
Reactance

Correct Answer Logic:

Electrical conductivity $\sigma = \dfrac{1}{\rho}$ where $\rho$ is resistivity. Conductivity measures how easily a material allows electric current to flow. Its SI unit is $S\ m^{-1}$ (Siemens per metre).

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Chemistry QUESTION #5535

Question 10505

For a reaction $aA+bB\to cC+dD$, the plot of $\log k$ vs $\frac{1}{T}$ is a straight line with slope $= -10000\ K$. Given that the rate constant is $10^{-5}\ s^{-1}$ at 500 K, find the temperature (in K) at which the rate constant equals $10^{-4}\ s^{-1}$. (Round to nearest integer)

526 K
556 K✔️
600 K
1000 K

Correct Answer Logic:

Using the Arrhenius equation in log form: $\log\frac{k_2}{k_1} = \frac{-\text{slope}}{2.303}\left(\frac{1}{T_2}-\frac{1}{T_1}\right)\cdot2.303$. Since slope of $\log k$ vs $\frac{1}{T}$ is $-\frac{E_a}{2.303R} = -10000$, then $E_a = 10000\times2.303\times8.314$. Using $\log\frac{10^{-4}}{10^{-5}} = -10000\left(\frac{1}{T_2}-\frac{1}{500}\right)$: $1 = -10000\left(\frac{1}{T_2}-0.002\right) \Rightarrow \frac{1}{T_2} = 0.002-0.0001 = 0.0018 \Rightarrow T_2 \approx 556\ K$.

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Education QUESTION #10863

Question 10506

The study of great books of the Western tradition is at the core of which educational philosophy?

Perennialism✔️
Essentialism
Progressivism
Reconstructionism

Correct Answer Logic:

Perennialism holds that education should focus on timeless, universal truths found in the great books of human civilization (Homer, Plato, Aristotle, Aquinas, Shakespeare, etc.). Associated with Robert Hutchins and Mortimer Adler (Great Books Program at University of Chicago), perennialists believe these works contain enduring wisdom relevant across all ages. Truth is permanent and education should transmit it, not change with passing trends.

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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3458

Question 10507

'Bicarbonate' is the most important buffer in:

The stomach
The blood (extracellular fluid)✔️
The cell nucleus
The skin

Correct Answer Logic:

The $CO_2$ / $HCO_3^-$ system maintains blood $pH$.

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Political Science QUESTION #6663

Question 10508

Who is considered the father of 'Liberalism' and advocate for natural rights to life, liberty, and property?

John Locke✔️
Thomas Hobbes
Jeremy Bentham
None of these

Correct Answer Logic:

John Locke's 'Two Treatises of Government' laid the groundwork for modern liberal democracy.

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Paper-II (Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics-I) QUESTION #2982

Question 10509

How many milliliters are in one 'Fluid Ounce' ($fl~oz$) in the British system?

$28.41\text{ ml}$✔️
$29.57\text{ ml}$
$30.00\text{ ml}$
$25.00\text{ ml}$

Correct Answer Logic:

In the Imperial (British) system, $1~fl~oz \approx 28.41\text{ ml}$, whereas in the US system it is $\approx 29.57\text{ ml}$.

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Physics QUESTION #7341

Question 10510

A particle has initial velocity $(2\hat{i}+3\hat{j})$ and constant acceleration $(0.3\hat{i}+0.2\hat{j})$. Its speed after 10 s is:

5 units
9 units
$9\sqrt{2}$ units
$5\sqrt{2}$ units✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

$\vec{v} = (2+0.3\times10)\hat{i} + (3+0.2\times10)\hat{j} = 5\hat{i}+5\hat{j}$

Speed $= \sqrt{25+25} = \sqrt{50} = \mathbf{5\sqrt{2}}$ units

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Law QUESTION #9708

Question 10511

Article 165 provides that the provisions of Qanun-e-Shahadat 1984 shall have effect:

Subject to any other special law
Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force✔️
Only where no other specific law applies
After exhausting other applicable laws

Correct Answer Logic:

Article 165 states the provisions of this Order shall have effect notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force — giving it overriding effect.

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Political Science QUESTION #6662

Question 10512

In the theory of Social Contract, which thinker described the state of nature as 'solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short'?

John Locke
Thomas Hobbes✔️
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
None of these

Correct Answer Logic:

Thomas Hobbes used this description in 'Leviathan' to justify the need for an absolute sovereign.

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General Knowledge QUESTION #277

Question 10513

There are _________ Special Economic Zones in CPEC.

Six
Seven
Eight
None of these✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

Under the CPEC framework, nine (9) SEZs have been prioritized for development.+2

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Pakistan Affairs QUESTION #9052

Question 10514

If the Prime Minister of Pakistan intends to resign, to whom does he address his resignation?

The Speaker of the National Assembly
The Chairman of the Senate
The President✔️
None of them

Correct Answer Logic:

The PM resigns to the President.

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Islamic Studies QUESTION #7918

Question 10515

After the Hijrat to Medina, what was the first important action the Holy Prophet (SAW) took?

Built a Mosque for prayers✔️
Built his house
Created Bait-ul-mal
Raised an army

Correct Answer Logic:

After arriving in Medina, the Prophet (PBUH) first built Masjid-e-Nabawi (the Prophet's Mosque). This established a center for worship, community gathering, education, and governance. He also established brotherhood (Muakhaat) between Muhajirin and Ansar, created a written constitution (Sahifah al-Medina), and built houses adjacent to the mosque.

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Biology Zoology Botany QUESTION #10808

Question 10516

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulates the synthesis or secretion of which hormone from the pituitary gland?

TSH
ACTH✔️
GH
FSH

Correct Answer Logic:

CRH (Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone), secreted by the hypothalamus, stimulates the anterior pituitary to synthesise and release ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone). ACTH then acts on the adrenal cortex to stimulate cortisol production. This forms the HPA (Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal) axis, the primary stress response system. TSH is stimulated by TRH; FSH and LH by GnRH; GH by GHRH — all via separate hypothalamic hormones.

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Islamic Studies QUESTION #220

Question 10517

The Umayyads contributed to Islamic coinage by introducing:

Arabic inscriptions✔️
Use of gold standard
Inclusion of portraits
None of these

Correct Answer Logic:

Caliph Abd al-Malik reformed the currency, removing icons and adding Arabic text.

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Geology QUESTION #10640

Question 10518

During daylight hours, the sea breeze direction is:

From land toward the sea
From sea toward the land✔️
From sea toward the land at night only
From land toward the sea at night only

Correct Answer Logic:

During the day, land heats up faster than the sea (lower heat capacity), causing air above the land to warm, rise, and create a low-pressure zone. Cooler, denser air from the sea flows in to replace it — producing a sea breeze blowing from sea to land. At night, the process reverses: land cools faster, the sea is relatively warmer, and a land breeze blows from land to sea.

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Nursing QUESTION #9128

Question 10519

A pregnant woman at 32 weeks has Hb 7.8 g/dL, MCV 72 fL, serum ferritin 6 ng/mL. She is started on oral iron therapy. The expected rise in hemoglobin after 4 weeks of adequate iron therapy is approximately:

0.5 g/dL
1 g/dL
2 g/dL✔️
4 g/dL

Correct Answer Logic:

This patient has Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) of pregnancy, indicated by:

Low Hb: $7.8\,\text{g/dL}$ (normal in pregnancy $\geq 11\,\text{g/dL}$)
Low MCV: $72\,\text{fL}$ (microcytic; normal $80{-}100\,\text{fL}$)
Low ferritin: $6\,\text{ng/mL}$ (normal $>12\,\text{ng/mL}$)

With adequate oral iron supplementation (elemental iron $100{-}200\,\text{mg/day}$):

Reticulocyte response begins in 3–5 days
Hemoglobin rises approximately $1\,\text{g/dL}$ per week or $\approx 2\,\text{g/dL}$ in 3–4 weeks
Full correction takes 6–8 weeks
Iron stores replenished over 3–6 months

If Hb does not rise by $\geq 1\,\text{g/dL}$ after 4 weeks, consider: non-compliance, malabsorption, wrong diagnosis, or continued blood loss. IV iron is indicated if oral not tolerated or $<28$ weeks with severe anemia.

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MBBS QUESTION #10313

Question 10520

A nucleoside differs structurally from a nucleotide in that a nucleoside consists of:

A nitrogenous base plus a phosphate group, without any sugar component
A nitrogenous base linked to a pentose sugar, without an attached phosphate group✔️
Only a phosphate group and a sugar, without a nitrogenous base
Multiple nucleotides joined together in a chain

Correct Answer Logic:

A nucleoside is simply a base-sugar combination (e.g., adenosine = adenine + ribose); adding one or more phosphate groups to the sugar's 5' position converts it into a nucleotide (e.g., adenosine monophosphate).

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