Reading Mode - Questions

A false positive result was reported — treatment appears effective when it is not
A true effect was missed — the study concluded no difference when one actually exists✔️
The sample size was too large, inflating statistical power
The p-value was below the significance threshold incorrectly

Correct Answer Logic:

Correct Answer: B

Statistical Errors in Hypothesis Testing:

Error	Also Called	Meaning	Risk
Type I ($\alpha$)	False Positive	Rejecting $H_0$ when it is actually true	Adopting ineffective treatment
Type II ($\beta$)	False Negative	Failing to reject $H_0$ when it is actually false	Missing an effective treatment

Statistical Power $= 1 - \beta$ = probability of correctly detecting a true effect.

In nursing, a Type II error could mean a beneficial intervention is dismissed and patients miss out on better care. Increasing sample size is the main way to reduce $\beta$ and increase power.

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Accounting & Finance QUESTION #6137

Question 145

At 31 December: Balance per bank statement $22,650; Uncleared deposits $3,110; Unpresented cheques $6,290; Bank credit recorded twice by bank in error $650. What is the cash book balance for the statement of financial position?

$18,820✔️
$20,120
$25,180
$26,480

Correct Answer Logic:

Option A ($18,820) is correct.

Bank statement balance: $22,650

+ Uncleared deposits: +$3,110

− Unpresented cheques: −$6,290

− Bank error (overstated credit): −$650

Cash book balance = $18,820

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Ability / HR / Governance / Special Education QUESTION #5636

Question 146

A Ministry wishes to re-appropriate funds from Employees Related Expenses to Utility Charges (Gas and Electricity). Which of the following is CORRECT regarding this action?

This re-appropriation is permissible with the prior consent of the Financial Adviser
This re-appropriation requires a Technical Supplementary Grant
This re-appropriation is strictly prohibited regardless of any consent✔️
This re-appropriation is allowed if the PAO certifies funds are available

Correct Answer Logic:

The O.M. explicitly prohibits re-appropriation from/to or within Employees Related Expenses and from Utility Charges (Gas Water Electricity Secret Service expenditure). This restriction applies absolutely.

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Mathematics QUESTION #4162

Question 147

Using Newton-Raphson method for $f(x) = \cos(x) - x = 0$ starting with $x_0 = \frac{\pi}{4}$, what is $x_1$?

$\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{\cos(\pi/4) - \pi/4}{-\sin(\pi/4) - 1}$✔️
$\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{\cos(\pi/4) - \pi/4}{-\sin(\pi/4)}$
$\frac{\pi}{4} + \frac{\cos(\pi/4) - \pi/4}{\sin(\pi/4) + 1}$
$\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{\cos(\pi/4)}{\sin(\pi/4)}$

Correct Answer Logic:

Newton-Raphson: $x_{n+1} = x_n - \frac{f(x_n)}{f'(x_n)}$. Here $f'(x) = -\sin(x) - 1$. So $x_1 = x_0 - \frac{\cos(x_0) - x_0}{-\sin(x_0) - 1}$.

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Logical Reasoning QUESTION #3943

Question 148

Select the pair with a similar relationship to LAUREL : VICTOR

Chevrons : Army✔️
Oscar : Movie star
Power : Glory
Blue ribbon : Cooking

Correct Answer Logic:

1

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Math Physics Chemistry Biology QUESTION #4303

Question 149

An active athlete has more stamina compared to a physically inactive person. Which organelle has greatly increased in the muscle cells of athletes?

Nucleus
Mitochondria✔️
Golgi bodies
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Correct Answer Logic:

Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell. In athletes, muscle cells have more mitochondria to produce more ATP through aerobic respiration for sustained physical activity.

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Pakistan Affairs QUESTION #4659

Question 150

What percentage of Pakistan's electricity was generated from thermal sources around 2005?

30%
50%
70%
Over 80%✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

Pakistan generated over 70% of its electricity from thermal sources around 2005; the exact figure was higher than the given options, making 'None of these' the technically correct answer.

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Constitutional Law QUESTION #5812

Question 151

The President enters into an executive agreement with a foreign nation to allow for the mutual exchange of criminal records for counter-terrorism purposes. A federal statute, however, expressly prohibits the disclosure of such records to foreign entities without a court order. Which prevails?

The executive agreement, because the President has plenary power over foreign affairs.
The executive agreement, because it was entered into after the statute was enacted.
The federal statute, because an executive agreement cannot override an existing act of Congress.✔️
The federal statute, because criminal records are a matter of domestic privacy law.

Correct Answer Logic:

Executive agreements (unlike ratified treaties) do not prevail over prior conflicting federal statutes. Under the Youngstown framework, when the President acts in opposition to the expressed will of Congress, his power is at its 'lowest ebb.'

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Administration QUESTION #9607

Question 152

A company's supply chain uses the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model. If annual demand doubles while holding cost per unit remains constant and ordering cost remains constant, how does the optimal order quantity change, and what inventory management principle does this illustrate?

EOQ doubles — demand and order quantity have a linear relationship in the EOQ model
EOQ increases by approximately 41% (square root of 2) — the EOQ model's square root relationship means that doubling demand increases optimal order quantity by the square root of 2, not by 2; this illustrates the principle of inventory risk pooling and the non-linear scaling of inventory with demand✔️
EOQ remains unchanged — the EOQ is only sensitive to changes in holding cost and ordering cost, not to demand changes
EOQ halves — higher demand requires more frequent smaller orders to reduce holding costs

Correct Answer Logic:

EOQ = √(2DS/H) where D=demand, S=ordering cost, H=holding cost. If D doubles: new EOQ = √(2×2D×S/H) = √2 × √(2DS/H) = √2 × original EOQ ≈ 1.414 × original EOQ. This square root relationship is fundamental — it means that as demand scales, inventory does not scale proportionally (sub-linear scaling), which is the mathematical basis for inventory risk pooling and the efficiency gains from demand aggregation in supply chain network design.

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Math Physics Chemistry Biology QUESTION #7766

Question 153

Which characteristic does NOT apply to smooth muscle?

Controlled by autonomic nervous system
Spindle-shaped cells
Lines the wall of the heart✔️
Lack striations

Correct Answer Logic:

Smooth muscle lines walls of hollow organs (blood vessels, intestines, bladder). Cardiac muscle lines the heart wall. Smooth muscle lacks striations, is involuntary, and cells are spindle-shaped.

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MCQs Section QUESTION #4898

Question 154

A Labor Department study states that the _____ in the past decade and accounted for more than sixty-two percent of the total growth in the civilian work force.

numbers of women employed outside the home grew by more than a thirty-five percent increase
numbers of women employed outside the home grew more than thirty-five percent
numbers of women employed outside the home were raised by more than thirty-five percent
number of women employed outside the home increased by more than thirty-five percent✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

Singular 'number' is correct for a specific measured quantity. 'Increased by more than thirty-five percent' is concise and non-redundant. Options A and E are redundant ('grew by a thirty-five percent increase'). Options B and C use 'numbers' (plural) incorrectly for a singular measured count.

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Therapeutics and Patient Care QUESTION #3885

Question 155

Which topical clotrimazole treatment regimen is considered the most clinically appropriate for vaginal candidiasis?

$500$ mg as a single dose at bedtime✔️
$100$ mg daily at bedtime for $10$ days
$500$ mg daily at bedtime for $3$ days
$100$ mg daily at bedtime for $14$ days

Correct Answer Logic:

A single intravaginal application of clotrimazole $500$ mg pessary is an evidence-based first-line regimen for uncomplicated vaginal candidiasis.

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Nursing QUESTION #9201

Question 156

A Head Nurse is planning a study to determine whether a new wound care protocol reduces infection rates compared to the standard protocol. What is the NULL HYPOTHESIS $(H_0)$?

The new protocol reduces wound infection rates significantly
There is no difference in wound infection rates between the new and standard protocols✔️
The standard protocol is superior to the new protocol
Wound infection rates are affected by multiple confounding variables

Correct Answer Logic:

Correct Answer: B

The null hypothesis $(H_0)$ always states that there is no effect, no difference, or no relationship between variables.

Hypothesis structure:

$H_0$: $\mu_{\text{new}} = \mu_{\text{standard}}$ (no difference in infection rates)
$H_1$ (Alternative): $\mu_{\text{new}} \neq \mu_{\text{standard}}$ or $\mu_{\text{new}} < \mu_{\text{standard}}$

The purpose of research is to test whether the data provides enough evidence to reject $H_0$. If rejected, we accept the alternative hypothesis. If not rejected, we cannot claim the new protocol is better — this does not prove they are equal, only that evidence was insufficient to show a difference.

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The Constitution of Pakistan QUESTION #9345

Question 157

Under Article 189, decisions of the Federal Constitutional Court on questions of law are binding on which courts?

Only High Courts and courts subordinate to them
All other courts in Pakistan, including the Supreme Court✔️
The Supreme Court and all courts below it
Only courts subordinate to the Federal Constitutional Court

Correct Answer Logic:

Article 189(1) (as substituted by the 27th Amendment 2025) states that decisions of the Federal Constitutional Court on questions of law 'shall be binding on all other courts in Pakistan including the Supreme Court.' This reflects the FCC's superior position on constitutional questions post-2025.

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Accounting & Finance QUESTION #6234

Question 158

Who has the right to fix the remuneration of the 'First Auditors' appointed by the Board?

The Shareholders
The Directors✔️
The SECP
The Registrar

Correct Answer Logic:

If auditors are appointed by directors, the directors fix the remuneration.

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English QUESTION #2646

Question 159

Which sentence is in the Present Perfect Continuous tense?

He has written a letter.
He had been writing a letter.
He is writing a letter.
He has been writing a letter.✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

The formula for Present Perfect Continuous is Subject + has/have + been + Verb(ing).

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Boilers Mechanical Engineering QUESTION #2411

Question 160

Power transmitted by a hydraulic fluid flow (volumetric flow rate $Q$, specific weight $\gamma$, total head $H$) is:

$P = \gamma Q / H$
$P = \gamma Q H$✔️
$P = Q H / \gamma$
$P = \rho Q^2 H$

Correct Answer Logic:

Hydraulic power: $P=\gamma QH$ (watts in SI). For a pump: $P_{input}=\gamma QH_A/e_{pump}$.

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Suggest a Question

Error	Also Called	Meaning	Risk
Type I (\(\alpha\))	False Positive	Rejecting \(H_0\) when it is actually true	Adopting ineffective treatment
Type II (\(\beta\))	False Negative	Failing to reject \(H_0\) when it is actually false	Missing an effective treatment