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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3471

Question 1

'Peptidoglycan' is a structural molecule found in the cell walls of:

Humans
Plants
Bacteria✔️
Fungi

Correct Answer Logic:

It is a target for many antibiotics like penicillin.

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Boilers Mechanical Engineering QUESTION #2375

Question 2

The transfer function $Y(s)$ of a linear control system is defined as:

The ratio of the output signal to the input signal in the time domain
The ratio of the Laplace transform of the output $X_o(s)$ to the Laplace transform of the input $X_i(s)$, with all initial conditions equal to zero✔️
The differential equation describing the system
The frequency response of the system

Correct Answer Logic:

The transfer function: $Y(s) = X_o(s)/X_i(s)$ with zero initial conditions. It is defined only for linear, constant-parameter systems. It relates input and output in the Laplace (s) domain.

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Paper-II (Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics-I) QUESTION #3021

Question 3

What is 'Levigation' in ointment preparation?

Heating the base
Reducing particle size by grinding with a small amount of liquid✔️
Mixing with a mechanical stirrer
Adding a preservative

Correct Answer Logic:

Levigation involves grinding a powder with a small amount of a 'levigating agent' (like mineral oil) to form a smooth paste before mixing with the base.

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Professional QUESTION #1834

Question 4

Under Section 11(2), when the services of a civil servant are required to be terminated due to abolition of a post or reduction in the number of posts in a cadre, whose services shall ordinarily be terminated first?

The most recently recruited civil servant in that department
The civil servant with the lowest performance rating
The most junior civil servant in that cadre or service✔️
The civil servant who has been on leave for the longest period

Correct Answer Logic:

Section 11(2) provides that where services are to be terminated due to abolition of a post or reduction in numbers, the person whose services are terminated shall ordinarily be the one who is the most junior in such cadre or service. This is the 'last in, first out' principle embedded in the Act.

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Molecular Biology / Bioinformatics / Biochemistry QUESTION #11110

Question 5

Genetic defects such as alkaptonuria and albinism, caused by non-functional enzyme production, are described by:

Dominant genes
Recessive inheritance✔️
X-chromosomes
Y-chromosomes

Correct Answer Logic:

Alkaptonuria (defective homogentisate oxidase) and albinism (defective tyrosinase) are both inherited as autosomal recessive traits. They are expressed only when an individual is homozygous for the defective allele (aa). Carriers (Aa) are phenotypically normal. Sir Archibald Garrod (1902) first described alkaptonuria as an 'inborn error of metabolism' — the first known example of autosomal recessive inheritance and the biochemical basis of genetic disease. Both involve defects in the tyrosine metabolic pathway.

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Ability / HR / Governance / Special Education QUESTION #1928

Question 6

Under Rule 20(5) the Cabinet Secretary shall ordinarily issue the agenda and summaries to Ministers how many days in advance of a Cabinet meeting?

One day
Two days
Three days✔️
Seven days

Correct Answer Logic:

Rule 20(5) states that the Cabinet Secretary shall ordinarily issue the circular showing proposed agenda and summaries to Ministers three days in advance of a meeting; in special meetings the agenda may be issued with less than three days' notice.

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Physics QUESTION #7867

Question 7

Principle of superposition: resultant amplitude at a point is:

Always zero
Product of amplitudes
Product of frequencies
Sum of amplitudes✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

Resultant amplitude = vector sum of individual amplitudes.

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English Literature QUESTION #10727

Question 8

Who was the leading figure of Christian Humanism during the Renaissance?

Sir Thomas More
Martin Luther
Johan Tetzel
Erasmus✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

Erasmus of Rotterdam (Desiderius Erasmus, 1466–1536) was the foremost leader of Christian Humanism. His works — including In Praise of Folly, the Adages, and his new Latin translation of the New Testament — sought to reconcile Renaissance humanism with Christian piety and reform the Church from within through scholarship. Thomas More was also a key Christian Humanist, but Erasmus is considered the leading figure.

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Mathematics QUESTION #11143

Question 9

The Cauchy-Riemann equations in polar form are:

$\dfrac{\partial u}{\partial r} = \dfrac{1}{r}\dfrac{\partial v}{\partial \theta},\quad \dfrac{\partial v}{\partial r} = \dfrac{-1}{r}\dfrac{\partial u}{\partial \theta}$✔️
$\dfrac{\partial u}{\partial r} = \dfrac{-1}{r}\dfrac{\partial v}{\partial \theta},\quad \dfrac{\partial v}{\partial \theta} = \dfrac{-1}{r}\dfrac{\partial u}{\partial \theta}$
$\dfrac{\partial u}{\partial r} = \dfrac{-1}{r}\dfrac{\partial v}{\partial \theta},\quad \dfrac{\partial v}{\partial r} = \dfrac{-1}{r}\dfrac{\partial u}{\partial \theta}$
$\dfrac{\partial u}{\partial r} = \dfrac{1}{r}\dfrac{\partial v}{\partial \theta},\quad \dfrac{\partial v}{\partial r} = \dfrac{1}{r}\dfrac{\partial u}{\partial \theta}$

Correct Answer Logic:

The Cauchy-Riemann equations in polar coordinates $(r,\theta)$ are: $\dfrac{\partial u}{\partial r} = \dfrac{1}{r}\dfrac{\partial v}{\partial\theta}$ and $\dfrac{\partial v}{\partial r} = -\dfrac{1}{r}\dfrac{\partial u}{\partial\theta}$. These are derived by substituting $x = r\cos\theta$, $y = r\sin\theta$ into the Cartesian C-R equations $u_x = v_y$, $u_y = -v_x$.

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Pakistan Affairs QUESTION #153

Question 10

What warning did Jinnah give the British PM in 1919 regarding the Sultan of Turkey?

Great Britain should establish direct rule over Turkey
Reducing the Sultan's status would cause a colossal and abiding reaction in India✔️
The Muslim world would support British policies
None of these

Correct Answer Logic:

This was part of the memorandum supporting the Khilafat cause to protect the Caliphate.

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Contracts QUESTION #5843

Question 11

A Buyer agrees to buy 'all the gasoline I need for my fleet' from a Seller for one year. Is this a valid contract?

No, it is illusory because the quantity is indefinite.
No, because it lacks a price term.
Yes, it is a valid requirements contract.✔️
Yes, but only if the Buyer specifies a maximum amount.

Correct Answer Logic:

UCC §2-306 validates requirements and output contracts despite the indefinite quantity, provided the parties act in good faith.

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Maths QUESTION #2889

Question 12

What is the value of $x$ if $\frac{x}{4} + 5 = 8$?

12✔️
4
3
7

Correct Answer Logic:

$x/4 = 3 \implies x = 3 \times 4 = 12$.

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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3577

Question 13

'Starch' grains can be identified under a microscope by their characteristic:

Color
Hilum and Striations✔️
Weight
Taste

Correct Answer Logic:

The shape and position of the hilum help identify the source of starch (e.g., Potato vs Maize).

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Education QUESTION #1484

Question 14

In Pragmatism, the universe is described as:

Static and permanent
Dynamic and evolving✔️
Spiritual and divine
Material and fixed

Correct Answer Logic:

Pragmatism describes the universe as dynamic and evolving. Its key idea is that things change and nothing is permanent. Its originators include Pierce and Dewey.

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Civil Engineering QUESTION #6640

Question 15

The ACI code specifies a 'Maximum spacing' for stirrups primarily to:

Reduce the cost of steel
Ensure that every 45-degree potential crack is intercepted by at least one stirrup✔️
Prevent the longitudinal bars from buckling
Increase the compressive strength of the web

Correct Answer Logic:

By limiting spacing (e.g., d/2), the designer ensures that any diagonal crack forming at roughly 45 degrees will be crossed by shear reinforcement.

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Pakistan Affairs QUESTION #4659

Question 16

What percentage of Pakistan's electricity was generated from thermal sources around 2005?

30%
50%
70%
Over 80%✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

Pakistan generated over 70% of its electricity from thermal sources around 2005; the exact figure was higher than the given options, making 'None of these' the technically correct answer.

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Physics QUESTION #4386

Question 17

A fluid is flowing through a tube. To undergo transition from laminar to turbulent flow, its velocity must be:

Slightly less than critical velocity
Equal to critical velocity
Greater than critical velocity✔️
Increasing gradually but less than critical velocity

Correct Answer Logic:

Flow transitions from laminar to turbulent when the Reynolds number $Re = \dfrac{\rho v d}{\eta}$ exceeds a critical value. This occurs when fluid velocity exceeds the critical velocity.

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The Constitution of Pakistan QUESTION #9373

Question 18

Regarding the Senate's composition after the 25th Amendment, how many total members does the Senate consist of?

104
96✔️
108
84

Correct Answer Logic:

Article 59(1) as amended by the 25th Amendment 2018 reduced Senate membership from 104 to 96, removing FATA seats. The 96 members come from 4 provinces (14 general + 4 women + 4 technocrats + 4 non-Muslims each = 26 per province × 4 = 104 minus the FATA seats = 96)... specifically: each province elects 14 general, 4 women, 4 technocrats; plus Federal Capital: 2 general + 1 woman + 1 technocrat; and 4 non-Muslims from provinces = total 96.

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Law QUESTION #9680

Question 19

Under Article 38, a confession made to a police officer:

Is admissible with corroboration
Is admissible if made voluntarily
Shall not be proved as against the accused✔️
Is admissible if witnessed by a Magistrate

Correct Answer Logic:

Article 38 categorically states that no confession made to a police officer shall be proved as against a person accused of any offence.

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Planning QUESTION #4956

Question 20

In public health planning, what does 'morbidity rate' measure?

Death rate
Disease incidence rate✔️
Birth rate
Recovery rate

Correct Answer Logic:

Morbidity rate measures the incidence or prevalence of disease in a population, helping planners assess health service needs and identify public health priorities.

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