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Organizing is the administrative function concerned with structuring the institution — dividing work, grouping tasks, delegating authority, and establishing reporting relationships. Planning sets the goals; organizing arranges the human and material resources to achieve them.
Correct Answer: B — Organizing.
Therefore \(X = 1.3 - 0.1 = 1.20\).
Follow-up in guidance and counseling involves maintaining ongoing contact with former students after they have completed a programme or left the institution. Its purpose is to monitor their progress, assess how well the guidance served them, and provide continued support if needed.
Correct Answer: A — Keep in constant contact with former students.
Getzels and Guba (1957) proposed the social systems model of administration, which introduced the concept of role-personality theory. It distinguishes between the nomothetic dimension (institutional roles and expectations) and the idiographic dimension (individual personality and needs), explaining how behavior in organizations results from the interaction of both.
Correct Answer: A — Getzels and Guba.
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