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Paper-II (Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics-I) QUESTION #2960
Question 1
What is the Latin term used in prescriptions meaning 'Before Meals'?
  • Post cibum
  • Ante cibum✔️
  • Hora somni
  • Statim
Correct Answer Logic:
'Ante cibum' (a.c.) means before meals; 'Post cibum' (p.c.) means after meals.
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Correct Answer Logic:
D-Fructose satisfies all conditions: (A) Found in honey — ✓. (B) Keto sugar (ketohexose) — ✓. (C) Exists in \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\)-anomeric forms (in cyclic pyranose/furanose forms) — ✓. (D) Laevorotatory (rotates plane of polarized light to left, hence the 'D' prefix refers to configuration, not optical rotation) — ✓. D-Glucose is dextrorotatory.
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Correct Answer Logic:
Let number be $x$. $\frac{4x}{2} = 18 \Rightarrow 2x = 18 \Rightarrow x = 9$
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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3301
Question 4
An 'Autoimmune' disease occurs when the immune system:
  • Is suppressed
  • Attacks the body's own healthy tissues✔️
  • Cannot find any bacteria
  • Produces too many red blood cells
Correct Answer Logic:
The immune system fails to distinguish between 'self' and 'non-self'.
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Biology QUESTION #4334
Question 5
Which is an enzyme activator secreted by the intestinal glands?
  • Amylase
  • Pepsinogen
  • Enterokinase✔️
  • Lipase
Correct Answer Logic:
Enterokinase (enteropeptidase) is secreted by intestinal gland cells and activates trypsinogen to trypsin, initiating the activation cascade of pancreatic digestive enzymes.
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Agronomy QUESTION #2097
Question 6
Phosphorus cycling in agricultural soils differs fundamentally from nitrogen cycling because:
  • Phosphorus has a significant atmospheric reservoir like nitrogen
  • Phosphorus has no atmospheric reservoir — it cycles exclusively through soil-plant-organic matter pathways, and its availability is controlled by soil pH-dependent precipitation/dissolution reactions and biological mineralization of organic P✔️
  • Phosphorus is more mobile in soils than nitrogen and prone to leaching in all soil types
  • Phosphorus transformations are driven by the same microbial guilds (Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter) that drive nitrogen cycling
Correct Answer Logic:
Unlike N (atmospheric reservoir, gaseous transformations), P cycles in a closed soil-plant system with no atmospheric component. Soil P exists as: soil solution P (plant-available, <1 ppm), labile P (loosely sorbed), non-labile P (strongly sorbed/precipitated), and organic P. Availability is highly pH-dependent: maximum at pH 6.0–6.5; precipitated as Ca-phosphates at high pH and Fe/Al-phosphates at low pH.
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Biology QUESTION #4264
Question 7
In which of the following combinations, both components have non-striated muscle fibers?
  • Intestine & biceps
  • Intestine & blood vessels✔️
  • Heart & lungs
  • Stomach & heart
Correct Answer Logic:
Intestine and blood vessels both contain smooth (non-striated) muscle. The heart has striated cardiac muscle; biceps has striated skeletal muscle.
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Correct Answer Logic:
Error df in RCBD \(= (b-1)(t-1) = (9-1)(4-1) = 8 \times 3 = 24\). Equivalently, total df \(= bt - 1 = 35\), blocks df \(= b - 1 = 8\), treatments df \(= t - 1 = 3\), so error df \(= 35 - 8 - 3 = 24\).
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Therapeutics and Patient Care QUESTION #3878
Question 9
A patient uses salbutamol and beclometasone MDIs twice daily. In what order should they be used, and with what timing?
  • Beclometasone 5 minutes after salbutamol✔️
  • Beclometasone immediately after salbutamol
  • Beclometasone 5 minutes before salbutamol
  • Beclometasone immediately before salbutamol
Correct Answer Logic:
The bronchodilator salbutamol should be used first to open airways; beclometasone (the corticosteroid) is then taken 5 minutes later to allow better penetration into the now-dilated bronchi.
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Urdu QUESTION #5151
Question 10
مولانا حالی کی طویل نظم مسدسِ حالی کا اصل عنوان کیا ہے؟
  • مدّ و جزرِ اسلام✔️
  • مسلمانوں کا تابناک ماضی
  • حیاتِ طیبہ
  • مسلمانوں کے عروج و زوال کی داستان
Correct Answer Logic:
مسدسِ حالی کا مکمل عنوان 'مدّ و جزرِ اسلام' ہے جو اسلام کی ترقی اور زوال کی تاریخ پر مبنی ہے۔
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Mechanical Engineering QUESTION #2537
Question 11
For a system in static equilibrium in 3D, the necessary and sufficient conditions are:
  • Three force equations \(\sum F=0\) only
  • One force and one moment equation
  • All six scalar equations: \(\sum F_x=\sum F_y=\sum F_z=0\) and \(\sum M_x=\sum M_y=\sum M_z=0\)✔️
  • Two force equations and one moment equation
Correct Answer Logic:
For complete 3D static equilibrium, both translational (\(\sum\mathbf{F}=0\)) and rotational (\(\sum\mathbf{M}=0\)) equilibrium must be satisfied about every axis, yielding six independent scalar equations.
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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3341
Question 12
'Log Phase' of bacterial growth is the period of:
  • Slow adjustment
  • Rapid exponential growth✔️
  • Cell death
  • No change in number
Correct Answer Logic:
During the log (logarithmic) phase, the population doubles at a constant rate.
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Biomedical Sciences QUESTION #3808
Question 13
In hepatic bilirubin processing, where does the conjugation of bilirubin primarily take place?
  • Erythrocyte
  • Intestine
  • Liver✔️
  • Kidney
Correct Answer Logic:
Bilirubin conjugation (primarily with glucuronic acid via UGT enzymes) occurs in hepatocytes of the liver, converting water-insoluble unconjugated bilirubin to water-soluble conjugated bilirubin.
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Therapeutics and Patient Care QUESTION #3902
Question 14
Which of the following antimicrobial agents is NOT absorbed into the systemic circulation following oral administration?
  • Cefalexin
  • Nystatin✔️
  • Trimethoprim
  • Rifampicin
Correct Answer Logic:
Nystatin is a polyene antifungal that is not absorbed from the GI tract when given orally. It is used exclusively for topical treatment of oral, pharyngeal, and gastrointestinal candidiasis.
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Chemistry QUESTION #435
Question 15
Name the rare halogen among the following.
  • F
  • Cl
  • I
  • At✔️
Correct Answer Logic:
Astatine (At) is the rarest halogen
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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3437
Question 16
'Urea' is the main end product of the metabolism of:
  • Carbohydrates
  • Fats
  • Proteins (Amino acids)✔️
  • Nucleic acids
Correct Answer Logic:
The urea cycle in the liver removes toxic ammonia from the body.
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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3284
Question 17
'Sterilization' is defined as the:
  • Reduction of microbial population to a safe level
  • Complete destruction of all forms of microbial life including spores✔️
  • Inhibition of bacterial growth
  • Removal of visible dirt
Correct Answer Logic:
Sterilization is an absolute term; an object is either sterile or it is not.
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Correct Answer Logic:
? = RC, so C = ?/R = 2/1000 = 0.002 F = 2000 ?F. However, answer key shows C, which is 200 ?F
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Professional QUESTION #1901
Question 19
Under Rule 6-A(2) before the authority passes a revision order adverse to the accused what mandatory opportunity must be provided?
  • Only written notice
  • Written notice of grounds AND opportunity to show cause including personal hearing if requested or necessary in the interest of justice✔️
  • Only an opportunity to file written reply without personal hearing
  • Summary disposal without any opportunity
Correct Answer Logic:
Rule 6-A(2) mandates that the accused must be informed in writing of grounds AND given opportunity to show cause including personal hearing if requested or otherwise necessary — subject only to the security of Pakistan exception.
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Urdu QUESTION #5114
Question 20
خدائے سخن کس کو کہتے ہیں؟
  • اسداللہ خان غالب
  • ابنِ انشا
  • میر تقی میر✔️
  • میر درد
Correct Answer Logic:
میر تقی میر کو 'خدائے سخن' کہا جاتا ہے۔ انہیں اردو شاعری میں سب سے اعلیٰ مقام حاصل ہے۔
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