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BCR = $\frac{\text{PV of Benefits}}{\text{PV of Costs}}$ < 1.0 indicates costs exceed benefits, making the project economically unviable from a welfare perspective. Projects should only proceed if BCR ≥ 1.0, meaning benefits justify costs.

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Pakistan Affairs QUESTION #290

Question 6

What was the notable feature of the Government of India Act of 1935?

Complete representation
Introduction of a federal structure✔️
Launching Khilafat Movement
Granting complete independence

Correct Answer Logic:

It proposed a 'Federation of India' comprising British provinces and princely states.

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Chemistry QUESTION #1447

Question 7

Which compound will give a positive silver mirror test with Tollens' reagent?

Propanone
Ethanal✔️
Benzophenone
None of these

Correct Answer Logic:

Tollens' reagent ($[\text{Ag(NH}_3)_2]^+$) is a mild oxidising agent that distinguishes aldehydes from ketones. Aldehydes are oxidised to carboxylates and silver is reduced to metallic silver (the silver mirror). Ethanal ($CH_3CHO$) is an aldehyde → gives positive result. Propanone and benzophenone are ketones → do not react (ketones cannot be further oxidised under mild conditions).

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Paper-II (Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics-I) QUESTION #3667

Question 8

'Cod Liver Oil' is a rich source of which vitamins?

B and C
A and D✔️
E and K
None

Correct Answer Logic:

It is used to prevent rickets and improve immunity.

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Psychology QUESTION #1465

Question 9

According to Sigmund Freud, which part of the personality is responsible for the moral and ethical aspects of behavior?

Id
Ego
Superego✔️
Libido

Correct Answer Logic:

In Freud's structural model of personality: the Id (unconscious, pleasure principle — drives and impulses), the Ego (reality principle — mediates between id and reality), and the Superego (the moral and ethical conscience — internalized societal rules and values, includes the conscience and ego-ideal). The superego develops around age 5–6 through the resolution of the Oedipus/Electra complex. Libido is psychosexual energy, not a structural component.

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Others section QUESTION #4795

Question 10

Locations that experience equal intensity of earthquake impact are connected by which lines?

Snowlines
Seismic belts
Isoseismal lines✔️
Epicentral lines

Correct Answer Logic:

Isoseismal lines (or seismic lines) connect points on a map that experienced equal intensity of shaking during an earthquake, helping scientists map the impact pattern.

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Security Measures to Maintain Law and Order QUESTION #858

Question 11

In maintaining order, "Discriminatory Profiling" is unethical. This refers to targeting individuals based solely on:

Suspicious behavior
Race, religion, or ethnicity✔️
Lack of ID
Travel history

Correct Answer Logic:

Professional security profiling must be based on behavior (non-verbal cues) rather than protected identity characteristics.

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General Knowledge QUESTION #2608

Question 12

In the decimal system (base-10), which statement is CORRECT?

You can use digits 0 through 8 only (9 digits total)
You can use digits 0 through 9 (10 digits total)✔️
You can use digits 1 through 10 (10 digits total)
You can use digits 0 through 10 (11 digits total)

Correct Answer Logic:

In the decimal system, there are exactly 10 possible digit symbols ranging from zero (0) to nine (9). The number 10 itself is NOT a single digit — it is composed of two digits (1 and 0). This is why the system is called 'base-10'.

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City and Regional Planning QUESTION #4968

Question 13

In land economics, what determines land value most significantly?

Land size only
Location and accessibility✔️
Soil quality
Historical ownership

Correct Answer Logic:

Land value is primarily determined by location and accessibility to jobs, services, and amenities, as captured by the principle 'location, location, location' in real estate.

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Paper-II (Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics-I) QUESTION #3628

Question 14

The 'Unani' system of medicine was developed by:

Chinese
Greeks (and furthered by Arabs/Persians)✔️
Indians
Americans

Correct Answer Logic:

Unani is based on the teachings of Hippocrates and Galen.

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Urdu QUESTION #5038

Question 15

'جوتیاں چٹخانا' محاورے کا مفہوم کیا ہے؟

نئی جوتی زیب پا کرنا
جوتیاں بغل میں دے لینا
ڈرانا دھمکانا
مارے مارے پھرنا✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

جوتیاں چٹخانا محاورے کا مطلب ہے بے مقصد مارے مارے پھرنا۔

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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3412

Question 16

'Jaundice' is characterized by an accumulation of which pigment in the blood?

Hemoglobin
Bilirubin✔️
Melanin
Chlorophyll

Correct Answer Logic:

Bilirubin is a byproduct of heme breakdown; excess causes yellowing of skin and eyes.

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City and Regional Planning QUESTION #4960

Question 17

In demography, what does 'Dependency Ratio' measure?

Ratio of workers to unemployed
Ratio of non-working to working population✔️
Ratio of urban to rural population
Ratio of births to deaths

Correct Answer Logic:

Dependency Ratio is calculated as $\frac{\text{Population aged 0-14 + Population aged 65+}}{\text{Population aged 15-64}} \times 100$, indicating the burden on the working-age population.

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Physics QUESTION #1028

Question 18

Three identical heat conducting rods in series: outer rods have conductivity $2K$, middle rod has conductivity $K$. Left end at $3T$, right end at $T$. The ratio $T_1/T_2$ (left junction to right junction temperature) is:

$\dfrac{5}{3}$✔️
$\dfrac{5}{4}$
$\dfrac{3}{2}$
$\dfrac{4}{3}$

Correct Answer Logic:

In steady state, heat flow rate $Q$ is same through all rods. Let each rod have length $L$ and area $A$. $\frac{2KA(3T-T_1)}{L} = \frac{KA(T_1-T_2)}{L} = \frac{2KA(T_2-T)}{L}$. From 1st and 3rd: $2(3T-T_1)=2(T_2-T)\Rightarrow 3T-T_1=T_2-T\Rightarrow T_1+T_2=4T$. From 1st and 2nd: $2(3T-T_1)=T_1-T_2\Rightarrow 6T-2T_1=T_1-T_2\Rightarrow 3T_1-T_2=6T$. Solving: $T_1=\frac{5T}{2}, T_2=\frac{3T}{2}$. Ratio $=\frac{5/2}{3/2}=\frac{5}{3}$.

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Mathematics QUESTION #4091

Question 19

Consider $T:\mathbb{R}^3\to\mathbb{R}^2$ defined by $T(x,y,z)=(|x|,y+z)$. To show $T$ is NOT linear, the simplest counterexample uses scalar multiplication with $c=-1$ and vector $(1,0,0)$:

Both $T(c\mathbf{v})$ and $cT(\mathbf{v})$ equal $(1,0)$
Both equal $(-1,0)$
They differ: $T(-1,0,0)=(1,0)$ but $-T(1,0,0)=(-1,0)$✔️
They differ: $T(-1,0,0)=(0,-1)$ but $-T(1,0,0)=(0,1)$

Correct Answer Logic:

For linearity, $T(c\mathbf{v})=cT(\mathbf{v})$. With $\mathbf{v}=(1,0,0)$ and $c=-1$: $T(-1,0,0)=(|-1|,0)=(1,0)$, but $-1\cdot T(1,0,0)=-1\cdot(1,0)=(-1,0)$. Since $(1,0)\neq(-1,0)$, $T$ is NOT linear — homogeneity fails.

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English QUESTION #4446

Question 20

My brother was trembling ____ cold?

from
with✔️
of
by

Correct Answer Logic:

The preposition 'with' is correctly used to indicate the cause of an emotional or physical state like trembling.

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