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Mushkovic
BIOLOGY
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Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems
Which of the following statements about the photoelectric effect is correct?
A. The kinetic energy of emitted electrons increases with increasing light intensity..
B. No electrons are emitted below a certain threshold frequency, regardless of light intensity..
C. Electrons are emitted even at zero frequency if the light intensity is high enough..
D. The number of emitted electrons decreases with increasing light frequency..
Mushkovic
BIOLOGY
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Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems
In the context of enzyme kinetics, what does a low Km value indicate about an enzyme's affinity for its substrate?
A. Low affinity.
B. High affinity.
C. No affinity.
D. It depends on the enzyme's Vmax.
Mushkovic
BIOLOGY
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Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems
What type of intermolecular force is primarily responsible for the high boiling point of water?
A. London dispersion forces.
B. Dipole-dipole interactions.
C. Hydrogen bonding.
D. Ionic bonding.
Mushkovic
BIOLOGY
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Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems
In an electrolytic cell, which of the following occurs at the cathode?
A. Oxidation.
B. Reduction.
C. Electron flow into the anode.
D. Positive ions migrate away from the cathode.
Mushkovic
BIOLOGY
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Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems
Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between Gibbs free energy (ΔG) and the spontaneity of a chemical reaction?
A. A reaction with ΔG > 0 is spontaneous..
B. A reaction with ΔG = 0 is at equilibrium..
C. A reaction with ΔG < 0 is non-spontaneous..
D. A reaction with ΔG = 0 has no change in entropy..
Mushkovic
BIOLOGY
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Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems
What is the main role of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells?
A. Transporting oxygen.
B. Catalyzing the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate.
C. Facilitating the absorption of glucose.
D. Synthesizing hemoglobin.
Mushkovic
BIOLOGY
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Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems
During oxidative phosphorylation, the energy for ATP synthesis is directly provided by:
A. The flow of electrons along the electron transport chain.
B. The reduction of NAD+ to NADH.
C. The establishment of a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
D. The splitting of water molecules.
Mushkovic
BIOLOGY
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Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems
Which principle explains the increase in pressure observed in a closed system when temperature is increased, assuming volume remains constant?
A. Boyle's Law.
B. Charles's Law.
C. Dalton's Law.
D. Gay-Lussac's Law.
Mushkovic
BIOLOGY
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Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems
Which of the following describes the type of bonding and interaction within a DNA double helix?
A. Ionic bonds between phosphate groups.
B. Hydrogen bonds between complementary nitrogenous bases.
C. Covalent bonds between ribose sugars.
D. Van der Waals interactions between nitrogenous bases.
Mushkovic
BIOLOGY
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Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems
What is the primary function of myoglobin in muscle cells?
A. Transport oxygen from the lungs to tissues.
B. Store oxygen for use during periods of high metabolic demand.
C. Facilitate the breakdown of glucose.
D. Catalyze the conversion of ADP to ATP.
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