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Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
In the context of quantum mechanics, what does the Pauli exclusion principle state?
A. Electrons have wave-particle duality.
B. No two electrons can have the same set of quantum numbers.
C. Electrons occupy the lowest energy levels first.
D. Electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
What is the concept of 'enthalpy of formation'?
A. Heat absorbed in breaking bonds.
B. Heat released in bond formation.
C. Heat change in forming one mole of a compound from its elements.
D. Heat change in a phase transition.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?
A. Ionic bond.
B. Covalent bond.
C. Metallic bond.
D. Hydrogen bond.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
What is the principle behind the Boltzmann distribution in statistical mechanics?
A. Distribution of molecular speeds.
B. Distribution of particle velocities.
C. Distribution of energy states.
D. Distribution of pressure.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
In spectroscopy, what does the term 'Stark effect' refer to?
A. Splitting of spectral lines due to magnetic field.
B. Splitting of spectral lines due to electric field.
C. Broadening of spectral lines due to pressure.
D. Shifting of spectral lines due to temperature.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
What is the role of a Maxwell relation in thermodynamics?
A. Relates thermodynamic potentials.
B. Measures entropy changes.
C. Calculates heat capacity.
D. Determines reaction rates.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
Which term describes the change in Gibbs free energy for a reaction at constant temperature and pressure?
A. Enthalpy change.
B. Entropy change.
C. Reaction quotient.
D. Free energy change.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
What is the primary focus of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm?
A. Adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces.
B. Multilayer adsorption.
C. Adsorption on homogeneous surfaces.
D. Absorption in bulk phase.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
Which law describes the relationship between the intensity of light absorbed and the concentration of the absorbing species?
A. Beer-Lambert Law.
B. Henry's Law.
C. Raoult's Law.
D. Dalton's Law.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
In thermodynamics, what does the Helmholtz free energy represent?
A. Maximum work at constant pressure.
B. Maximum work at constant temperature and volume.
C. Heat absorbed at constant pressure.
D. Heat absorbed at constant volume.
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