shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Genetics

If a mutation occurs in a somatic cell, what is the consequence for the offspring?

A somatic mutation is like a paint smudge on just one part of a painting. It affects only the individual and isn?t passed to the next generation because it doesn?t occur in the reproductive cells.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Genetics

The observable traits of an organism are called:

The phenotype is the "look" of an organism ? like the color of your hair, the shape of your nose, or the length of your tail if you're a lizard! It?s how genes express themselves outwardly.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Genetics

What process separates alleles during gamete formation?

Meiosis is like splitting up the alleles into different groups so that each egg or sperm gets just one allele of a gene, not both. This ensures offspring have a mix of genes from each parent.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Genetics

In pea plants, tall (T) is dominant over short (t). If a homozygous tall plant (TT) is crossed with a short plant (tt), what will the offspring be?

All offspring will be tall because they inherit one "T" from the tall parent and one "t" from the short parent. Since tall (T) is dominant, even one copy of it will make the plant tall.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Genetics

Which structure holds the genetic code and is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells?

Chromosomes are like books containing pages of genetic instructions. They are found inside the nucleus, the brain of the cell. Each chromosome carries many genes.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Genetics

What is the result of a cross between two heterozygous individuals (Rr x Rr) for a simple Mendelian trait?

A heterozygous cross results in a 1:2:1 ratio for genotypes (RR, Rr, rr) and a 3:1 ratio for phenotypes (dominant to recessive traits). This is like mixing red and white paint where 75% of the mix looks red (dominant) and 25% looks white (recessive).
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Genetics

Which of the following describes a genotype?

Genotype is the set of genes in our DNA that is responsible for a particular trait. It's like a code or recipe inside the cell. The phenotype is what you actually see, like hair color or height.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Genetics

What is the name of the process where DNA makes a copy of itself?

DNA replication is like photocopying a document. The cell needs to make exact copies of its DNA before it divides so that each new cell has the same set of instructions.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Genetics

In humans, how many chromosomes are there in a typical somatic cell?

Human somatic cells, or body cells, have 46 chromosomes. These are arranged in 23 pairs, with one chromosome from each pair coming from each parent.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Genetics

The fundamental unit of heredity is called a:

Genes are like little instruction manuals inside cells, telling them how to make proteins and what traits to pass down from parents to offspring. Chromosomes are long bundles of these genes.

BIOLOGY