In pre-school education, guidance focuses on exploration — allowing young children to freely discover and investigate their environment through play, sensory experiences, and curiosity-driven learning. Pre-schoolers learn by touching, seeing, hearing, and experimenting. Adjustment (belonging, routine), individual and group guidance are also elements, but exploration — the foundation of early childhood learning as emphasised by Piaget, Montessori, and Froebel — is the primary focus.