Perennialism denies the importance of computer literacy because it focuses exclusively on timeless, universal truths in classical texts and the development of reason. Perennialists reject contemporary or technology-focused content as transient and irrelevant to permanent human values. Since computer literacy is a modern, changing skill — not a timeless universal truth — perennialists would not include it in the ideal curriculum. Essentialists, progressivists, and reconstructionists all accept technology as educationally relevant.