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SAT English QUESTION #5405
Question 1
Earth's atmosphere is bombarded by cosmic dust originating from several sources: short-period comets (SPCs), particles from the asteroid belt (ASTs), Halley-type comets (HTCs), and Oort cloud comets (OCCs). Some of the dust's material vaporizes in the atmosphere in a process called ablation, and the faster the particles move, the higher the rate of ablation. Astrophysicist Juan Diego Carrillo-Sánchez led a team that calculated average ablation rates for elements in the dust (such as iron and potassium) and showed that material in slower-moving SPC or AST dust has a lower rate than the same material in faster-moving HTC or OCC dust. For example, whereas the average ablation rate for iron from AST dust is 28%, the average rate for _______. Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the example?
  • iron from SPC dust is 20%.
  • sodium from OCC dust is 100%.
  • iron from HTC dust is 90%.✔️
  • sodium from AST dust is 75%.
Correct Answer Explanation
The example illustrates lower ablation in slower-moving AST dust (28% for iron) versus higher ablation in faster-moving HTC dust (90% for iron).