The Social Responsibility Theory emerged as a critique of pure Libertarianism. It accepts that the press should be free, but argues that freedom without responsibility is dangerous. Its core features:

• Media has obligations to society — it must be truthful, accurate, objective, and balanced
• The press should be free but self-regulated through codes of conduct and ethics (not government censorship)
• Media should be pluralistic — representing diversity of viewpoints and acting as a forum for ideas
• Media ownership is a public trust — journalists are accountable to their audience

This theory recognises media's unique social function: unlike a bakery or factory, media shapes public opinion, educates citizens, and acts as the “fourth pillar of democracy.” Therefore, it must accept a higher standard of responsibility than an ordinary business enterprise.