Core competencies are integrated knowledge sets within an organization that distinguish it from competitors and deliver value to customers. They represent people-embodied know-how - the knowledge, skills, and abilities embedded in organizational members that create competitive advantage.

This is a classic contrast: civilization represents order, while the wilderness (nature untamed) represents chaos. The phrase evokes the idea that human society creates order, whereas wild nature is chaotic.

This two-blank question requires understanding the critical tone of the passage.

Blank (i): The agency never defined “untenable risk,” leaving it without a firm standard. This absence of a standard made it open and vulnerable to outside influence. Susceptible to means vulnerable or open to — exactly right. “Unaware of” doesn’t explain the influence, and “irritated at” changes the meaning entirely.

Blank (ii): Experts reacted negatively to the agency’s poor decision. They would pan it — meaning to criticize harshly. “Complimented” is the opposite, and “overlooked” means to ignore, not to criticize.

Correct Answers: Blank (i) = A (susceptible to), Blank (ii) = E (panned).

Work done = $Q \times V_{origin}$, where $V_{origin}$ is the potential at origin due to the four charges.

Distances from origin:

• $(0,2)$: $r_1 = 2$
• $(0,-2)$: $r_2 = 2$
• $(4,2)$: $r_3 = \sqrt{16+4} = \sqrt{20} = 2\sqrt{5}$
• $(4,-2)$: $r_4 = \sqrt{20} = 2\sqrt{5}$

$V = \frac{Q}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{5}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{5}}\right) = \frac{Q}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}\left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}\right)$

Work $= QV = \dfrac{Q^2}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{5}}\right)$

Key properties:

• Wide hysteresis loop (A): High retentivity and high coercivity — hard magnetic material. Good for permanent magnets (used in electric generators).
• Narrow hysteresis loop (B): Low retentivity, low coercivity, low energy loss per cycle — soft magnetic material. Ideal for transformers and electromagnets (needs to magnetise/demagnetise repeatedly with low loss).

Electric generators use permanent magnets (wide loop, material A). Transformers and electromagnets use soft material (B). So Option C is correct.