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Correct Answer Logic:

Wilms' Tumor (Nephroblastoma) โ€” most common renal malignancy in children (peak age 3โ€“4 years).

Classic presentation:

  • Asymptomatic abdominal mass (discovered by parent/during bath)
  • Painless gross hematuria
  • Hypertension (renin secretion)
  • Child appears well (unlike neuroblastoma โ€” ill-appearing)

Important physical examination note: DO NOT palpate the abdominal mass repeatedly โ€” risk of tumor capsule rupture and metastatic seeding.

Associations:

  • WAGR syndrome: Wilms' + Aniridia + Genitourinary anomalies + mental Retardation (WT1 gene mutation)
  • Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
  • Hemihypertrophy

Staging and Treatment:

StageDescriptionSurvival
IConfined to kidney, completely resected~95%
IIโ€“IIIRegional extension~85โ€“90%
IVHematogenous mets (lung, liver)~75%

Treatment: Nephrectomy + chemotherapy (actinomycin D, vincristine) ยฑ radiotherapy. Wilms' has excellent prognosis โ€” one of most curable solid tumors.

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Sociology QUESTION #1667
Question 3562
Pierre Bourdieu's concept of 'habitus' refers to a set of durable, transposable dispositions that shape perception, thought, and action. Which of the following most precisely captures what habitus describes?
  • The accumulation of culturally valued knowledge and credentials
  • The networks of social relationships that confer advantage
  • Internalized, embodied dispositions that are generated by one's social position and structural conditionsโœ”๏ธ
  • The antagonism between competing social classes over economic resources
Correct Answer Logic:
Bourdieu's habitus is a system of durable, transposable dispositions โ€” ways of perceiving, thinking, feeling, and acting โ€” that are acquired through socialization in particular social positions and conditions. It is distinct from cultural capital (knowledge/credentials), social capital (networks), and economic capital (material resources), though all three interact with habitus.
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Security Measures to Maintain Law and Order QUESTION #873
Question 3563
Under Section 7, if a disaster occurs, ASF's power to "search and seize" extends to:
  • Only passengers
  • Anyone within aerodrome limitsโœ”๏ธ
  • Only airline staff
  • Only suspected criminals
Correct Answer Logic:
The authority to maintain order and conduct searches applies to "any person" within the limits of the aerodrome.
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Paper-II (Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics-I) QUESTION #3611
Question 3564
'Castor Oil' is obtained from the seeds of 'Ricinus communis'. It is used as a:
  • Potent Purgativeโœ”๏ธ
  • Skin moisturizer only
  • Cooking oil
  • Flavoring agent
Correct Answer Logic:
Castor oil is a stimulant laxative.
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Paper-II (Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics-I) QUESTION #3580
Question 3565
Which branch of Pharmacognosy deals with the history, commerce, selection, and preservation of crude drugs?
  • Ethnobotany
  • General Pharmacognosyโœ”๏ธ
  • Phytochemistry
  • Zoology
Correct Answer Logic:
General Pharmacognosy covers the broader aspects of crude drug management and history.
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Paper-II (Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics-I) QUESTION #3637
Question 3566
A 'Carminative' is a drug that:
  • Relieves flatulence (gas) from the GI tractโœ”๏ธ
  • Cures cancer
  • Reduces fever
  • Causes vomiting
Correct Answer Logic:
Fennel, Cardamom, and Ginger are classic carminatives.
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Contracts QUESTION #5857
Question 3567
A Seller sends a shipment of 'FOB Buyerโ€™s Warehouse.' When does the risk of loss pass to the Buyer?
  • When the Seller delivers the goods to the carrier.
  • When the goods reach the Buyerโ€™s warehouse and are tendered to the Buyer.โœ”๏ธ
  • When the Buyer pays for the goods.
  • When the goods are manufactured.
Correct Answer Logic:
A 'Destination Contract' (FOB Place of Destination) shifts the risk of loss to the buyer only when the goods are duly tendered at the specified destination.
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Islamic Studies QUESTION #213
Question 3568
What was the primary source of law during the time of the Prophet (๏ทบ)?
  • The Qurโ€™an and Hadithโœ”๏ธ
  • The Qur'an Only
  • Consensus (Ijma)
  • None of these
Correct Answer Logic:
Divine revelation and the Prophet's (๏ทบ) practices were the foundations of law.
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Correct Answer Logic:

Maximum range occurs at $\theta = 45ยฐ$:

$R_{\max} = \dfrac{u^2}{g} = \dfrac{(20)^2}{10} = \mathbf{40\text{ m}}$

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General Knowledge QUESTION #8672
Question 3570
The water lily (Nymphaea) is the national symbol of which country?
  • Canada
  • China
  • Iran
  • Indiaโœ”๏ธ
Correct Answer Logic:
The water lily is the national flower of Bangladesh, but among options India uses lotus. Key says D India.
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General Abilities QUESTION #4613
Question 3571
If $a = 3b - 2$ and $b = 4$, what is $a$?
  • $10$โœ”๏ธ
  • $14$
  • $6$
  • $5$
Correct Answer Logic:
Substitute $b=4$: $a = 3(4) - 2 = 12 - 2 = 10$
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General Abilities QUESTION #4497
Question 3572
What is $(-3)^4$?
  • $-81$
  • $81$โœ”๏ธ
  • $-12$
  • $12$
Correct Answer Logic:
$(-3)^4 = (-3) \times (-3) \times (-3) \times (-3) = 81$. Negative to even power is positive.
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Chemistry QUESTION #7398
Question 3573
The correct order of sizes for the following species is:
  • \(\text{Ca}^{2+} < \text{K}^+ < \text{Ar} < \text{Cl}^- < \text{S}^{2-}\)
  • \(\text{Ar} < \text{Ca}^{2+} < \text{K}^+ < \text{Cl}^- < \text{S}^{2-}\)
  • \(\text{Ca}^{2+} < \text{Ar} < \text{K}^+ < \text{Cl}^- < \text{S}^{2-}\)โœ”๏ธ
  • \(\text{Ca}^{2+} < \text{K}^+ < \text{Ar} < \text{S}^{2-} < \text{Cl}^-\)
Correct Answer Logic:
All species are isoelectronic (18 electrons).
Size decreases as nuclear charge increases (more protons pull same electrons closer):
  • \(\text{Ca}^{2+}\): Z=20
  • \(\text{Ar}\): Z=18
  • \(\text{K}^+\): Z=19
  • \(\text{Cl}^-\): Z=17
  • \(\text{S}^{2-}\): Z=16
Increasing size: \(\text{Ca}^{2+} < \text{K}^+ < \text{Ar} < \text{Cl}^- < \text{S}^{2-}\)
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Reading and Writing (Module-1) QUESTION #5451
Question 3574
Notes: Gregorian calendar (365 days) causes dates to fall on different weekdays each year. Hanke-Henry calendar (364 days) has dates on same weekday each year, supporting predictable scheduling. Which choice explains an advantage of Hanke-Henry?
  • Gregorian has 365 days, one day longer than Hanke-Henry.
  • Adopting Hanke-Henry would help solve a problem with Gregorian.
  • Designed so dates occur on same weekday each year, Hanke-Henry supports more predictable scheduling than Gregorian.โœ”๏ธ
  • Hanke-Henry was developed as an alternative to Gregorian, which is most-used.
Correct Answer Logic:
Option C directly states the advantage (same weekday ? predictable scheduling) and compares to Gregorian.
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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3288
Question 3575
'HEPA' filters are used in pharmacy clean rooms to remove particles from:
  • Water
  • Airโœ”๏ธ
  • Oil
  • Glassware
Correct Answer Logic:
High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters remove $99.97\%$ of particles $\ge 0.3~\mu\text{m}$.
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Correct Answer Logic:
Three doses of $250$ mg each $= 3 \times 250\ \text{mL}$ of the solution. Volume per dose $= 250\ \text{mL}$, total $= 750\ \text{mL}$. Sodium $= 750 \times 0.135 = 101.3\ \text{mmol}$.
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Correct Answer Logic:

The thermal stress required to keep the length constant is given by the formula:

  • $\text{Stress} = Y \alpha \Delta T$
  • Substituting the values: $\text{Stress} = (2 \times 10^{11}) \times (1.1 \times 10^{-5}) \times 100$
  • $\text{Stress} = 2.2 \times 10^{8}\text{ Pa}$

Pressure is equivalent to the stress applied at the ends.

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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3299
Question 3578
'Active Immunity' differs from 'Passive Immunity' because it involves:
  • Injection of pre-formed antibodies
  • The body's own production of antibodies and memory cellsโœ”๏ธ
  • A short duration of protection
  • No immune response
Correct Answer Logic:
Active immunity is slower to develop but provides long-lasting protection.
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Civil Engineering QUESTION #6573
Question 3579
Minor losses in pipe flow are those that are:
  • Small in absolute magnitude
  • Caused by local disturbances due to fittings such as valves, bends, and contractionsโœ”๏ธ
  • Caused purely by pipe wall friction
  • Dependent only on the length of the pipeline
Correct Answer Logic:
Minor losses arise from local flow disturbances at fittings, bends, valves, and expansions. They are expressed as \(h_L = K\frac{V^2}{2g}\), where \(K\) is a loss coefficient specific to each fitting.
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General Knowledge QUESTION #4778
Question 3580
What is the name of Sri Lanka's official currency?
  • Rupiyah
  • Lek
  • Ringgit
  • Sri Lankan Rupeeโœ”๏ธ
Correct Answer Logic:
The official currency of Sri Lanka is the Sri Lankan Rupee (LKR), which has been in use since 1872. Lek is Albanian, Ringgit is Malaysian.
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