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The Constitution of Pakistan QUESTION #9351

A presidential Ordinance, if not a Money Bill, must be laid before both Houses and shall stand repealed after how long if not approved?

90 days
120 days✔️
180 days, extendable once by 60 days
60 days

Correct Answer Logic:

Article 89(2)(a)(ii) provides that an Ordinance not relating to Money Bill matters shall stand repealed at the expiration of 120 days from promulgation (or earlier if disapproved). Either House may by resolution extend it for one further period of 120 days — but extension can only be made once.

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English QUESTION #2711

Question 10022

Choose the meaning of: 'Look after'

To search
To take care of✔️
To resemble
To ignore

Correct Answer Logic:

To 'look after' someone or something is to provide care for them.

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Civil Procedure QUESTION #3702

Question 10023

A plaintiff sues a defendant in federal court. The defendant believes the complaint fails to join a party required by Rule 19. When must the defendant raise this defense?

Only in a pre-answer motion.
In a pre-answer motion, in any pleading, or by a motion for judgment on the pleadings, or even at trial.✔️
Only in the answer.
At any time, including for the first time on appeal.

Correct Answer Logic:

Rule 12(h)(2) states that failure to join a person required by Rule 19(b) may be raised: (A) in any pleading allowed or ordered under Rule 7(a); (B) by a motion under Rule 12(c); or (C) at trial.

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Pharmacology and Toxicology QUESTION #3851

Question 10024

In which vascular structure are alpha-1 adrenoceptors predominantly found?

Arterioles✔️
Bronchioles
Atria
Cardiac ventricles

Correct Answer Logic:

Alpha-1 adrenoceptors are primarily located on arteriolar smooth muscle and mediate vasoconstriction.

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Boilers Mechanical Engineering QUESTION #2463

Question 10025

The total shear stress $\tau$ in a helical compression spring wire (spring index $C$, axial load $F$, wire diameter $d$) including the Wahl correction factor $K_W$ is:

$\tau = \frac{8FD}{\pi d^3}$
$\tau = K_W \frac{8FD}{\pi d^3} = K_W \frac{8FC}{\pi d^2}$✔️
$\tau = \frac{16FD}{\pi d^3}$
$\tau = K_W \frac{4F}{\pi d^2}$

Correct Answer Logic:

The nominal shear stress in a helical spring is $\tau_{nom}=8FD/(\pi d^3)=8FC/(\pi d^2)$. The Wahl correction factor $K_W=\frac{4C-1}{4C-4}+\frac{0.615}{C}$ accounts for curvature effect and direct shear.

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General Ability and Fire Fighting QUESTION #5611

Question 10026

CO2 extinguishers are effective on Class B fires primarily because they:

Cool the fuel below ignition temperature
React chemically with flammable liquids
Displace oxygen to smother the fire✔️
Absorb the fuel

Correct Answer Logic:

CO2 displaces the oxygen around the fire

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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3312

Question 10027

The 'Inoculation Loop' is sterilized using which method before and after use?

Autoclaving
Red Heat (Flaming)✔️
Chemical disinfection
Filtration

Correct Answer Logic:

Heating the wire until it glows red ensures the destruction of all microbes.

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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3210

Question 10028

The movement that mixes food with digestive juices without moving it forward is called:

Peristalsis
Segmentation✔️
Deglutition
Defecation

Correct Answer Logic:

Segmentation is a localized contraction and relaxation of the circular muscles.

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General Knowledge QUESTION #8623

Question 10029

Approximately what fraction of Jammu and Kashmir is under Indian occupation?

$1/3$
$2/3$✔️
$3/4$
$1/2$

Correct Answer Logic:

About two-thirds of the former princely state is under Indian control.

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Education QUESTION #6781

Question 10030

Which of the following BEST explains why portfolios have very low reliability as an assessment tool compared to standardized tests?

Portfolios always favor high-ability students because they choose their own best work
Portfolio scoring lacks the standardized criteria, uniform conditions, and objective scoring procedures that characterize reliable measurement — different assessors apply different criteria to different content✔️
Portfolios contain too many items, which statistically reduces internal consistency
Portfolios are only valid for formative purposes and reliability is not applicable to them

Correct Answer Logic:

Reliability requires consistency across administrations, scorers, and conditions. Portfolios are diverse in content (student-selected), judged subjectively by different assessors using loosely defined criteria, and lack uniform conditions. All of these factors introduce variability into scores, which by definition reduces reliability. This is listed as a known weakness of portfolios.

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Math Physics Chemistry Biology QUESTION #4280

Question 10031

Enzyme activity decreases at very low or high pH because:

Substrate concentration increases
Enzymes become denatured✔️
Product formation increases
Temperature becomes constant

Correct Answer Logic:

Extreme pH values alter the ionization of amino acid R-groups at the active site, causing the enzyme to denature and lose its specific 3D shape.

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Nursing QUESTION #9303

Question 10032

A patient is suspected to have meningitis. The nurse performs a Kernig's sign test. Kernig's sign is positive when:

The patient's neck stiffens on passive flexion
The patient cannot straighten the knee when the hip is flexed at 90 degrees✔️
The pupil fails to react to light
Plantar flexion occurs on stroking the sole

Correct Answer Logic:

Kernig's Sign — assessment for meningeal irritation:

Position: Patient supine, flex hip and knee to 90 degrees
Attempt to extend (straighten) the knee
Positive sign: Resistance and pain on knee extension (patient cannot straighten leg) — indicates meningeal irritation/meningitis

Other signs of meningitis:

Sign	Test	Positive Finding
Brudzinski's sign	Passive neck flexion	Involuntary hip and knee flexion
Kernig's sign	Hip flexed, extend knee	Resistance/pain on extension
Nuchal rigidity	Passive neck flexion	Resistance/pain (stiff neck)

Classic triad of bacterial meningitis: fever, neck stiffness, altered consciousness.

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Mathematics QUESTION #11179

Question 10033

Let $X = \{a,b,c\}$, $\tau = \{\emptyset,\{a\},\{b\},\{a,b\},X\}$. Then $X$ is:

$T_1$-space✔️
Regular space
$T_2$-space
Normal space

Correct Answer Logic:

Check $T_1$: in $T_1$, every singleton must be closed. $\{a\}$ is open, so $\{b,c\}$ is closed. $\{b\}$ is open, so $\{a,c\}$ is closed. But $\{c\}$: its complement $\{a,b\}\in\tau$ is open, so $\{c\}$ is closed. So singletons are closed → $T_1$ holds. Check $T_2$ (Hausdorff): for $a$ and $c$, we need disjoint open sets. The open sets containing $c$ are only $X$, and any open set containing $a$ is $\{a\}$ or $\{a,b\}$ or $X$ — none disjoint from $X$. Not $T_2$. So $X$ is $T_1$.

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Biology QUESTION #7269

Question 10034

Nitrogen fixation in root nodules of Alnus is brought about by:

Frankia✔️
Azorhizobium
Bradyrhizobium
Clostridium

Correct Answer Logic:

Frankia is a filamentous actinomycete that forms nitrogen-fixing root nodules (actinorhizal nodules) in non-leguminous plants like Alnus (alder), Casuarina, and Ceanothus. Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium nodulate legumes; Azorhizobium is stem-nodulating; Clostridium is a free-living anaerobic nitrogen fixer.

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Reading and Writing (Module-1) QUESTION #10489

Question 10035

The editor's ------- cuts trimmed the sprawling manuscript, ------- it from eight hundred pages to a tight three hundred.

timid . . expanding
ruthless . . reducing✔️
gentle . . lengthening
sparse . . inflating

Correct Answer Logic:

Aggressive cuts ('ruthless') would be 'reducing' the manuscript's length dramatically.

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Paper-II (Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics-I) QUESTION #3632

Question 10036

If a pharmacist finds that a sample of 'Digitalis' leaves has $20\%$ moisture, why is this a problem?

Moisture promotes enzyme activity and microbial growth, leading to drug deterioration✔️
Moisture makes the drug too heavy
Moisture turns the drug into a liquid
There is no problem

Correct Answer Logic:

Crude drugs must be dried to prevent chemical breakdown and spoilage.

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General Knowledge QUESTION #8941

Question 10037

'Aramco' is the national oil company of which country?

Iraq
Saudi Arabia✔️
Kuwait
Iran

Correct Answer Logic:

Saudi Aramco is Saudi Arabia's state oil company.

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Civil / Architecture QUESTION #2357

Question 10038

In the design of a waffle slab, the minimum rib width and depth requirements per ACI 318 specify that the rib width shall not be less than:

100 mm with rib depth not more than 3.5 times rib width
75 mm with rib depth not more than 3.5 times rib width✔️
100 mm with rib depth not more than 4 times rib width
75 mm with rib depth not more than 4.5 times rib width

Correct Answer Logic:

Per ACI 318 Section 9.8.1, for joist (ribbed) and waffle slab systems, ribs shall not be less than 100 mm wide, and the overall depth of ribs shall not exceed 3.5 times the minimum rib width. Therefore rib width ≥ 100 mm and depth ≤ 3.5 × 100 mm = 350 mm. The clear spacing between ribs shall not exceed 750 mm. These dimensional limits ensure proper concrete placement, adequate cover, and structural integrity of the one-way or two-way ribbed slab system.

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Bio-Technology QUESTION #10598

Question 10039

Single-cell oils (SCOs) accumulate in oleaginous microorganisms when:

Nitrogen is in excess relative to carbon in the growth medium
The carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratio is high and nitrogen becomes limiting✔️
The culture is grown under strictly anaerobic conditions
Dissolved oxygen is maintained above 90% air saturation throughout

Correct Answer Logic:

Oleaginous microorganisms (e.g. Mortierella alpina, Thraustochytrids) accumulate lipids (>20% dry wt) when the C:N ratio is high — i.e. nitrogen is exhausted but carbon (glucose) remains available. Nitrogen limitation inactivates isocitrate dehydrogenase (via AMP depletion), causing citrate accumulation in the mitochondria. Citrate is exported to the cytoplasm and cleaved by ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) to supply acetyl-CoA for de novo fatty acid synthesis.

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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3105

Question 10040

The fluid portion of the blood after it has clotted is called:

Plasma
Serum✔️
Lymph
Cytosol

Correct Answer Logic:

Serum is plasma without the clotting factors (like fibrinogen).

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