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Correct Answer Logic:

Initial charge (without dielectric):

$Q_0 = C_0 V = 90 \times 10^{-12} \times 20 = 1800\ \text{pC} = 1.8\ \text{nC}$

New capacitance with dielectric:

$C = KC_0 = \frac{5}{3} \times 90 = 150\ \text{pF}$

New free charge:

$Q = CV = 150 \times 10^{-12} \times 20 = 3000\ \text{pC} = 3\ \text{nC}$

Induced charge on dielectric:

$Q_{induced} = Q\left(1 - \frac{1}{K}\right) = 3 \times \left(1 - \frac{3}{5}\right) = 3 \times \frac{2}{5} = 1.2\ \text{nC}$

Uploaded by: Fani Warraich
Correct Answer Logic:
'Fight' is appropriate for a clash between groups.
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Contracts QUESTION #5866
Question 1123
A Seller repudiates a contract three weeks before the delivery date. Can the Buyer sue immediately?
  • No, the Buyer must wait until the date of performance.
  • Yes, the Buyer can treat the anticipatory repudiation as an immediate breach.✔️
  • Yes, but only if the Buyer is a merchant.
  • No, unless the contract is for more than $10,000.
Correct Answer Logic:
Under UCC §2-610, when either party repudiates the contract with respect to a performance not yet due, the aggrieved party may resort to any remedy for breach.
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The Constitution of Pakistan QUESTION #9348
Question 1124
Article 10(4) places a ceiling on preventive detention without Review Board review at:
  • One month
  • Two months
  • Three months✔️
  • Six months
Correct Answer Logic:
Article 10(4) provides that no law providing for preventive detention shall authorize detention beyond three months unless the appropriate Review Board has reviewed the case and reported sufficient cause. The original one-month period was increased to three months by the Constitution (Third Amendment) Act, 1975.
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Paper-II (Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics-I) QUESTION #2964
Question 1125
Which of the following is a 'Water-in-Oil' (W/O) emulsifying agent?
  • Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
  • Wool Fat✔️
  • Acacia
  • Tragacanth
Correct Answer Logic:
Wool fat (Lanolin) is a common W/O emulsifying agent, whereas Acacia is an O/W agent.
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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3144
Question 1126
In females, 'Fertilization' usually occurs in the:
  • Ovary
  • Uterus
  • Fallopian tube (Oviduct)✔️
  • Vagina
Correct Answer Logic:
Sperm usually meets the egg in the ampulla of the fallopian tube.
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Urdu QUESTION #5042
Question 1127
اردو شاعری کے علاوہ مرزا غالب نے کس صنفِ نثر میں نام پیدا کیا؟
  • آپ بیتی
  • خطوط✔️
  • داستان
  • ان میں سے کوئی نہیں
Correct Answer Logic:
مرزا غالب اردو خطوط نگاری کے بانی سمجھے جاتے ہیں۔ ان کے خطوط اردو نثر کا سرمایہ ہیں۔
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Nursing QUESTION #9257
Question 1128
A nurse is preparing to administer the pentavalent vaccine to a 6-week-old infant as per Pakistan's Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) schedule. The pentavalent vaccine protects against which combination of diseases?
  • Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Polio, Measles
  • Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)✔️
  • Tuberculosis, Polio, Tetanus, Hepatitis B, Measles
  • Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Pneumococcal, Rotavirus
Correct Answer Logic:

Pakistan EPI Schedule (current):

AgeVaccines
BirthBCG, OPV-0, Hepatitis B (birth dose)
6 weeksPentavalent (DTP-HepB-Hib), OPV-1, PCV-1, Rotavirus-1, IPV-1
10 weeksPentavalent-2, OPV-2, PCV-2, Rotavirus-2
14 weeksPentavalent-3, OPV-3, PCV-3, IPV-2
9 monthsMeasles-1, Vitamin A (1st dose)
15 monthsMeasles-2 (MMR)

Pentavalent vaccine = 5-in-1 vaccine protecting against:

  1. Diphtheria
  2. Tetanus
  3. Pertussis (whooping cough)
  4. Hep B (Hepatitis B)
  5. Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b)

Contraindications: Previous anaphylaxis to vaccine component, progressive neurological disorder (for pertussis component), severe febrile illness (defer, not contraindicate).

Cold chain: Pentavalent stored at \(2{-}8°C\); never frozen (freeze-sensitive).

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CISA QUESTION #1747
Question 1129
During an audit of a BPR project, which area would represent the greatest concern?
  • The steering committee approves sufficient controls for fraud detection
  • Planning methods include PERT techniques
  • Risk management planning aligns the project with business objectives✔️
  • Vendor participation, documentation, installation support, and training
Correct Answer Logic:
Risk management planning is the highest concern during a BPR audit because it determines whether the project can actually fulfill business objectives and whether the organization has the capacity to complete the project and achieve desired outcomes.
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Physics QUESTION #1170
Question 1130
The energy of a damped oscillator:
  • Decreases linearly with time
  • Increases linearly with time
  • Decreases exponentially with time✔️
  • Increases exponentially with time
Correct Answer Logic:
For a damped oscillator, the energy decreases exponentially with time. The amplitude decreases as \(A(t) = A_0 e^{-bt/2m}\), so the energy \(E \propto A^2\) decreases as \(E(t) = E_0 e^{-bt/m}\), which is an exponential decay.
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Correct Answer Logic:
The blank describes a tempo that has 'no necessary relation to what had gone before' — it was chosen without apparent reason or rule. Arbitrary means based on random choice rather than reason — perfect. 'Capricious' is the synonym pair in the original. 'Cautious' means careful. 'Compelling' means forceful/convincing — opposite of purposeless. 'Exacting' means demanding precision.
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Journalism / Mass Communication QUESTION #6353
Question 1132
Harold Lasswell's (1948) formula of communication consists of five analytical components. Which sequence below correctly maps each component to its corresponding area of research?
  • Who → Content Research; Says What → Control Research; Channel → Audience Research; To Whom → Medium Research; Effect → Effects Research
  • Who → Control Research; Says What → Content Research; In What Channel → Medium Research; To Whom → Audience Research; With What Effect → Effects Research✔️
  • Who → Effects Research; Says What → Medium Research; Channel → Control Research; To Whom → Content Research; Effect → Audience Research
  • Who → Audience Research; Says What → Effects Research; Channel → Content Research; To Whom → Control Research; Effect → Medium Research
Correct Answer Logic:

Lasswell's formula is one of the most widely cited early models of mass communication. The sociologist Harold Lasswell (1948) proposed analysing mass media by asking five questions, each of which corresponds to a distinct field of scholarly inquiry:

  • Who? → Control Research (who owns, controls, and regulates media)
  • Says What? → Content Research (what messages are being sent)
  • In What Channel? → Medium Research (the technology used to transmit)
  • To Whom? → Audience Research (who is receiving the message)
  • With What Effect? → Effects Research (what impact does the message have)

Lasswell was primarily concerned with mass communication and propaganda, so his model is designed to direct researchers toward the kind of systematic inquiry needed to understand and evaluate media power.

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Verbal Reasoning QUESTION #8103
Question 1133

Compare the two quantities below.

Column A: $(0.82)^2 \cdot (0.82)^3$

Column B: $(0.82)^6$

  • Column A is greater✔️
  • Column B is greater
  • The two quantities are equal
  • The relationship cannot be determined from the information given
Correct Answer Logic:

Using the rule of exponents: $(0.82)^2 \cdot (0.82)^3 = (0.82)^{2+3} = (0.82)^5$.

Now compare $(0.82)^5$ vs $(0.82)^6$.

Since $0 < 0.82 < 1$, multiplying by $0.82$ makes the number smaller. Therefore $(0.82)^5 > (0.82)^6$.

Column A is greater.

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Paper-I (Pharmaceutics II (Industrial and Quality Control) and Pharmaceutics III (Hospital and Community Pharmacy)) QUESTION #5689
Question 1134
A 'Liniment' is distinguished from a 'Lotion' primarily by which characteristic?
  • It is an aqueous solution
  • It must be applied with friction✔️
  • It is intended for internal use
  • It is used for ophthalmic purposes
Correct Answer Logic:
Liniments are liquid or semi-liquid preparations intended for application to the skin with friction or rubbing.
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Education QUESTION #6789
Question 1135
In criterion-referenced interpretation, a teacher states: 'Students who scored below 70% on this test lack mastery of two-digit multiplication.' Which guideline for CRT interpretation is MOST critical to verify before making this statement?
  • Whether the test was administered under standardized conditions
  • Whether the achievement domain is sufficiently homogeneous, delimited, and clearly specified to support specific performance descriptions✔️
  • Whether the test correlated with a nationally normed achievement battery
  • Whether students with scores above 70% show identical performance on every item
Correct Answer Logic:
Criterion-referenced interpretation guidelines require that the achievement domain be homogeneous, clearly specified, and delimited before making specific mastery/non-mastery statements. If the domain is poorly defined or includes a mixture of heterogeneous skills, claiming that a score below 70% indicates lack of mastery of a specific skill is not supportable. Ambiguous domains produce ambiguous interpretation.
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Paper-II (Pharmacology and Social Behaviour, Law &amp; Ethics and Computer Sciences) QUESTION #5794
Question 1136
A drug that has a substance substituted wholly or in part for it is considered:
  • Adulterated✔️
  • Spurious
  • Misbranded
  • Substandard
Correct Answer Logic:
Substitution of ingredients is a hallmark of adulteration[cite: 7].
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CISA QUESTION #1739
Question 1137
In regulatory language, what is the operative distinction between the words 'should' and 'shall'?
  • 'Shall' denotes discretionary requirements while 'should' provides advisory guidance.
  • 'Should' signals mandatory obligations whereas 'shall' provides advisory recommendations.
  • 'Should' and 'shall' are functionally equivalent; interpretation depends on the specific audit context.
  • 'Should' denotes actions that are discretionary based on circumstances, while 'shall' indicates that the action is obligatory regardless of financial or operational impact.✔️
Correct Answer Logic:
In regulatory and legal drafting, 'shall' is a term of compulsion — it imposes a non-negotiable mandatory obligation that must be complied with regardless of cost, convenience, or financial impact. 'Should', by contrast, is a term of recommendation — it signals strongly advised but ultimately discretionary action. Auditors must be alert to this distinction when evaluating regulatory compliance, since mistaking a 'shall' requirement for a 'should' recommendation constitutes a material error in compliance assessment.
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Boilers Mechanical Engineering QUESTION #2452
Question 1138
For forced vibration isolation to be effective (transmissibility TR < 1), the frequency ratio \(r = p/\omega_n\) must satisfy:
  • \(r < 1\)
  • \(r = 1\)
  • \(r > \sqrt{2}\)✔️
  • \(r > 2\)
Correct Answer Logic:
Isolation requires TR < 1, which occurs when \(r=p/\omega_n>\sqrt{2}\). This means the machine operating speed \(p\) must exceed \(\sqrt{2}\) times the mounted natural frequency \(\omega_n\).
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Physics QUESTION #4402
Question 1139
The Balmer series of hydrogen spectrum appears in the:
  • Infrared region
  • Ultraviolet region
  • X-ray region
  • Visible region✔️
Correct Answer Logic:
The Balmer series corresponds to electron transitions to the $n=2$ energy level in hydrogen. These transitions emit photons in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum (wavelengths $\approx 400-700\ nm$).
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English QUESTION #2696
Question 1140
Identify the correctly punctuated sentence:
  • It's a beautiful day.✔️
  • Its a beautiful day.
  • Its' a beautiful day.
  • It is' a beautiful day.
Correct Answer Logic:
'It's' is the contraction for 'It is'.
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