The Objective Resolution, the cornerstone of Pakistan's constitutional history, was passed on March 12, 1949.

When you see a clock from the back (mirror image), left and right are reversed. This is equivalent to a horizontal mirror reflection.

A clock seen from behind at 8:15:

In mirror image, the hour hand at 8 appears at \(12 - 8 = 4\. The minute hand at 15 min (pointing to 3) appears at the 9 position (45 min).

So the actual time = 4:45.

Rule: Mirror time + Actual time = 12:00 (for hour) and 60 (for minutes). Hour: \(12 - 8 = 4\. Minutes: \(60 - 15 = 45\. Actual time = 4:45.

1. First dimension: Isoelectric focusing (IEF) on immobilised pH gradient (IPG) gels — proteins migrate to their pI where net charge = 0.
2. Second dimension: SDS-PAGE — proteins are separated by molecular mass.

Let $A=\begin{pmatrix}a&b\\b&c\end{pmatrix}$. Then $A^2=\begin{pmatrix}a^2+b^2&ab+bc\\ab+bc&b^2+c^2\end{pmatrix}$.

Sum of diagonal of $A^2 = a^2+2b^2+c^2 = 1$.

Since $a,b,c$ are integers and $a^2+2b^2+c^2=1\geq0$: $b=0$ (since $2b^2\leq1$ with integer $b$ forces $b=0$), then $a^2+c^2=1$.

Solutions: $(a,c)\in\{(1,0),(−1,0),(0,1),(0,−1)\}$ and $b=0$: 4 matrices. But we should check $b=\pm1$: $2(1)=2>1$, not possible. Hmm — that gives only 4. But checking $b=0$, $a^2+c^2=1$: integer solutions are $(\pm1,0)$ and $(0,\pm1)$ — exactly 4 pairs, each with $b=0$. So $\mathbf{4}$ matrices... but wait: $b$ can also vary if we allow it. Total = $\mathbf{4}$ matrices.

Inertia (Newton's first law).

Option A (9,000 units) is correct.

OAR = $50,000 ÷ 10,000 = $5 per unit

Under-absorption = Actual overheads − Absorbed overheads

$5,000 = $60,000 − (Actual units × $5)

Actual units = $55,000 ÷ $5 = 9,000 units