Tamoban Javnoi

IT Crafter


Message

Qualification Master
Subject COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT
Country Lebanon
Gender Male
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Database Management Systems

DDL is used to:

Data Definition Language (DDL) is used to define and manage the structure of a database, including creating, altering, and dropping tables and schemas.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Database Management Systems

Boyce Codd Normal Form:

Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) is a higher normal form that ensures every determinant in the database is a candidate key, addressing certain types of anomalies that 3NF does not.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Database Management Systems

A child entity in ER diagrams is:

In ER diagrams, a child entity inherits attributes and relations from a parent entity, often representing a subclass or specialized entity.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Data Structures & Algorithms

How much time would it take to add an element to the linked list asymptotically?

Adding an element to a linked list, especially at the beginning or end, typically takes O(1) time asymptotically.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Data Structures & Algorithms

What is the name of a linear collection of data components where the linear node is provided by a pointer?

A linked list is a linear data structure where elements are linked using pointers.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Data Structures & Algorithms

Regarding Binary Trees, which of the following is true?

None of the provided statements are universally true for all binary trees.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Data Structures & Algorithms

When we attempt to add the eleventh element to a stack with a size of 10, we encounter a circumstance known as:

Adding an element to a full stack causes an overflow error.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Cybersecurity

Which of the following malware types does not infect others and duplicate or clone itself?

Trojans do not replicate themselves or infect other files but disguise themselves as legitimate software.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Cybersecurity

After a certain amount of time, say thirty minutes, the online application, similar to banking websites, should prompt users to log in again. Which cybersecurity concept is this an example of?

Complete mediation is the principle that ensures all access to a system is checked for authorization. In this context, it requires re-authentication after a period of inactivity.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Cybersecurity

If an employee requests root access to a UNIX system in which you serve as the administrator, you shouldn't provide them access or this authority unless their job necessitates it. Which cybersecurity notion is this an example of?

The principle of least privileges suggests that users should have the minimum level of access necessary to perform their jobs.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Cybersecurity

Which of the following is considered as the world's first antivirus program?

Reaper was the first antivirus program, created to remove the Creeper virus, one of the earliest known viruses.
Tamoban Javnoi GENERAL KNOWLEDGE   -   Computer Skills

What is an example of system software from the list below?

Windows is an example of system software, while Google Chrome and Adobe Photoshop are application software.
Tamoban Javnoi GENERAL KNOWLEDGE   -   Computer Skills

Which component is responsible for providing power supply to all other components in a computer system?

The Power Supply Unit (PSU) provides power to all other components in a computer system.
Tamoban Javnoi GENERAL KNOWLEDGE   -   Computer Skills

Which type of monitor technology offers the widest viewing angles and accurate color reproduction?

OLED technology offers the widest viewing angles and accurate color reproduction compared to CRT and LCD technologies.
Tamoban Javnoi GENERAL KNOWLEDGE   -   Computer Skills

Which of the following ports is used to connect external devices such as printers, scanners, and cameras to a computer?

USB is a standard port used to connect various external devices to a computer, such as printers, scanners, and cameras.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Programming

In the RISC architecture, the _____ is updated whenever a function is called:

In RISC architecture, the stack pointer is updated whenever a function is called, as it manages the function?s stack frame.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Programming

Making a system store data in memory contiguously would:

Contiguous memory allocation reduces the computation required for searching data, as all data elements are stored sequentially.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Programming

Which of the following are computer architectures different from conventional von Neumann architecture?

Harvard architecture is different from the von Neumann architecture, as it has separate storage and signal pathways for instructions and data.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Data Structures & Algorithms

Which type of algorithms are applicable to scheduling resources in operating systems?

State space search algorithms are commonly used in scheduling and resource allocation problems in operating systems.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Data Structures & Algorithms

The time complexity of finding a shortest path in a network is:

A* search is generally more efficient than Dijkstra?s algorithm when spatial heuristics are available, particularly in large networks.
Tamoban Javnoi GENERAL KNOWLEDGE   -   Computer Skills

Why is it important to have antivirus software installed on a computer?

Antivirus software is important because it helps protect the computer from malicious software, such as viruses, worms, and trojans. These malicious programs can cause significant harm to the computer, including data loss, corruption, and unauthorized access to sensitive information.
Tamoban Javnoi GENERAL KNOWLEDGE   -   Computer Skills

Who is known as the father of computers?

Charles Babbage is known as the father of computers because he conceptualized and designed the first mechanical computer, called the Analytical Engine, in the 19th century.
Tamoban Javnoi GENERAL KNOWLEDGE   -   Computer Skills

Where is the operating system typically stored in a computer?

The operating system is typically stored on the hard drive or an SSD (Solid State Drive). When the computer boots up, the operating system is loaded from the hard drive into the RAM (Random Access Memory) for execution. Question: Who is known as the father of computers? A) Steve Jobs B) Bill Gates C) Alan Turing D) Charles Babbage Answer: D) Charles Babbage Explanation: Charles Babbage is known as the father of computers because he conceptualized and designed the first mechanical computer, called the Analytical Engine, in the 19th century. Question: Why is it important to have antivirus software installed on a computer? A) To increase internet speed B) To reduce the number of pop-up ads C) To protect the computer from malware and viruses D) To improve the quality of the display Answer: C) To protect the computer from malware and viruses Explanation: Antivirus software is important because it helps protect the computer from malicious software, such as viruses, worms, and trojans. These malicious programs can cause significant harm to the computer, including data loss, corruption, and unauthorized access to sensitive information.
Tamoban Javnoi GENERAL KNOWLEDGE   -   Computer Skills

When does a computer perform a boot-up process?

The boot-up process occurs when the computer is powered on. During this process, the computer's hardware is initialized, and the operating system is loaded into memory to prepare the system for use.
Tamoban Javnoi GENERAL KNOWLEDGE   -   Computer Skills

What is the main function of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) in a computer?

The CPU, also known as the processor, is the brain of the computer. Its main function is to execute instructions from programs and perform calculations and data processing.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Data Structures & Algorithms

Which data structure is most suitable for implementing an LRU (Least Recently Used) cache?

An LRU (Least Recently Used) cache is most efficiently implemented using a combination of a HashMap and a Doubly Linked List. The HashMap provides O(1) access to cache entries, while the Doubly Linked List maintains the order of usage, allowing for quick updates to the most recently and least recently used elements.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Data Structures & Algorithms

Why is the space complexity of a recursive algorithm often higher than its iterative counterpart?

The space complexity of a recursive algorithm is often higher than its iterative counterpart because recursion requires additional stack space to store the state of each function call. Each recursive call adds a new frame to the call stack, which increases the overall space complexity.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Data Structures & Algorithms

Where is a heap data structure typically used?

A heap data structure is typically used to implement a priority queue. Heaps allow for efficient retrieval of the highest (or lowest) priority element and support operations like insertion and deletion in logarithmic time, making them ideal for priority queues.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Data Structures & Algorithms

When does the Dijkstra's algorithm fail to find the shortest path in a graph?

Dijkstra's algorithm fails to find the shortest path if the graph contains negative weight edges. The algorithm assumes that all edge weights are non-negative, and the presence of negative weights can lead to incorrect results and infinite loops.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Data Structures & Algorithms

What is the time complexity of inserting an element into a Binary Search Tree (BST) in the worst case?

In the worst case, a Binary Search Tree (BST) can become a skewed tree (like a linked list), where each node has only one child. In such a scenario, the time complexity of inserting an element becomes O(n), where n is the number of nodes in the tree.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Operating Systems

When is the "thrashing" condition likely to occur in a system using virtual memory?

Thrashing occurs when a system has insufficient physical memory, causing excessive paging as the operating system continuously swaps data between RAM and disk. This leads to high overhead and severely degrades system performance, as more time is spent on paging rather than executing processes.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Operating Systems

Why do modern operating systems use preemptive multitasking?

Modern operating systems use preemptive multitasking to enhance user interactivity and system responsiveness. It allows the operating system to interrupt a running process and switch the CPU to another process, ensuring that all processes receive appropriate attention and that the system remains responsive to user inputs.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Operating Systems

Which memory management scheme allows the physical address space of a process to be non-contiguous?

Paging is a memory management scheme that allows the physical address space of a process to be non-contiguous. It eliminates the need for contiguous allocation of physical memory and thus reduces fragmentation by dividing memory into fixed-sized pages.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Operating Systems

How to resolve the critical section problem in concurrent programming?

The critical section problem can be resolved using synchronization mechanisms such as semaphores. Semaphores are variables used to control access to common resources by multiple processes in a concurrent system, ensuring that only one process can enter the critical section at a time.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Operating Systems

What mechanism does an operating system use to handle the execution of multiple processes that require frequent access to the CPU?

Round-robin scheduling is a time-sharing scheduling algorithm used by the operating system to handle the execution of multiple processes. Each process is assigned a fixed time slot (quantum), and processes are cycled through in a circular order, ensuring that all processes get a fair share of CPU time.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Operating Systems

Where is the Page Table typically stored in a computer system?

The Page Table is typically stored in the main memory (RAM). It is used by the operating system to keep track of the mapping between virtual addresses and physical addresses, facilitating virtual memory management.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Operating Systems

When does a deadlock occur in a system?

Deadlock occurs when two or more processes are unable to proceed because each is waiting for a resource held by the other. This situation results in a standstill where none of the processes can continue execution.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Operating Systems

What is the main purpose of a context switch in an operating system?

A context switch occurs when the operating system saves the state of the currently running process and loads the state of another process. This allows the CPU to switch between processes efficiently, enabling multitasking and better utilization of system resources.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Computer Networks & Security

Why is it important to regularly update software and firmware in network devices?

Regularly updating software and firmware in network devices is essential to fix security vulnerabilities and bugs that could be exploited by attackers. These updates often include patches and fixes to address newly discovered vulnerabilities, reducing the risk of security breaches and data loss.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Computer Networks & Security

Who is responsible for managing digital certificates in a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) system?

The Certificate Authority (CA) is responsible for managing digital certificates in a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) system. It issues, revokes, and manages digital certificates, verifying the identity of entities in a network and ensuring secure communication through encryption.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Computer Networks & Security

Where is the most secure location to place a firewall within a network architecture?

Placing a firewall between the router and the internal network is the most secure location because it allows the firewall to filter both incoming and outgoing traffic, protecting the internal network from external threats while also providing control over outgoing traffic.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Computer Networks & Security

When should an organization implement two-factor authentication (2FA) for remote access to its network resources?

Two-factor authentication (2FA) should be implemented whenever employees work remotely or access sensitive data to add an extra layer of security beyond just passwords. It helps mitigate the risk of unauthorized access, especially when accessing critical systems from outside the corporate network.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Computer Networks & Security

What is the purpose of a subnet mask in IP networking?

A subnet mask is used to divide an IP address into network and host portions. It determines which part of the IP address represents the network ID and which part represents the host ID, allowing routers to determine the destination network for data forwarding.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Database Management Systems

Which type of database index is typically used to improve the speed of queries that involve range searches?

B-tree indexes are typically used to improve the speed of queries that involve range searches because they maintain the sorted order of data. This makes it efficient to search for a range of values, as the B-tree structure allows for quick navigation to the starting point of the range and sequential access to the subsequent entries.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Database Management Systems

How to ensure ACID properties are maintained in a transaction?

To ensure ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) properties are maintained in a transaction, it is essential to use the transaction management features provided by the database management system. These features ensure that all operations within a transaction are completed successfully and consistently, even in the event of a failure.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Database Management Systems

Where would you typically find the definition of a database schema?

The definition of a database schema, which includes the structure of the tables, fields, and relationships, is stored in the database management system's metadata. This metadata provides a blueprint for how data is organized and accessed within the database.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Database Management Systems

When is a database said to be in the Third Normal Form (3NF)?

A database is in the Third Normal Form (3NF) if it is in the Second Normal Form (2NF) and all its attributes are functionally dependent only on the primary key, meaning there are no transitive dependencies. This helps to further reduce data redundancy and maintain data integrity.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Database Management Systems

What is the primary purpose of normalization in database design?

The primary purpose of normalization is to reduce data redundancy and eliminate undesirable characteristics like insertion, update, and deletion anomalies. By organizing data into tables and defining relationships between them, normalization ensures that each piece of data is stored only once.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Web Design & Development

Can you explain which HTTP method is idempotent and should be used for updating a resource in RESTful web services?

The PUT method is idempotent, meaning that multiple identical requests will have the same effect as a single request. It is typically used for updating a resource in RESTful web services, as it replaces the current representation of the target resource with the new data provided in the request.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Web Design & Development

How to prevent a form from submitting when a required field is empty using HTML5?

In HTML5, adding the 'required' attribute to input fields ensures that the form cannot be submitted if those fields are left empty. The browser will automatically prompt the user to fill in the required fields before allowing submission.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Web Design & Development

Where is the correct location to place the meta charset="UTF-8" tag in an HTML document?

The meta charset="UTF-8" tag should be placed within the head tag of an HTML document. It specifies the character encoding for the HTML document, ensuring that the browser correctly renders the text content.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Web Design & Development

When should you use the 'defer' attribute in a script tag in HTML?

The 'defer' attribute in a script tag ensures that the script is executed only after the HTML document has been fully parsed. This is useful for scripts that rely on the complete DOM being available before they run.
Tamoban Javnoi COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT   -   Web Design & Development

What is the primary purpose of using media queries in responsive web design?

Media queries in CSS are used to apply different styles to a website depending on the characteristics of the user's device, particularly the screen size. This technique is essential for creating responsive web designs that provide an optimal viewing experience across various devices.