The Gibbs free energy is a thermodynamic potential that describes a system at constant pressure and temperature, and is defined as G = H - TS, where H is the enthalpy and S is the entropy.

In an adiabatic compression, the temperature of the gas increases according to the relation T2 = T1 * (P2 / P1)^(γ - 1), where γ is the adiabatic index.

Nucleation is the process by which a system transitions from a metastable state to a stable state with a decrease in free energy, often accompanied by the formation of a new phase.

In a reversible isothermal process, the temperature remains constant, and the change in internal energy is zero, ΔU = 0.

The maximum efficiency of a heat engine is given by the Carnot efficiency, which is 1 - (T2 / T1), where T1 is the temperature of the hot reservoir and T2 is the temperature of the cold reservoir.