Hydroponics is the method of growing plants in nutrient-rich water instead of soil, allowing for controlled environments and efficient resource use.

Blueberries thrive in acidic soils with a pH range of 4.5 to 5.5. To manage soil pH for blueberry cultivation, sulfur can be applied to lower the pH if it is too high, ensuring optimal growth and fruit production.

Gibberellins are plant hormones that play a key role in promoting stem elongation, seed germination, and flowering. They are often used in horticulture to improve fruit set, increase fruit size, and break seed dormancy.

The best time to apply dormant oil sprays to deciduous fruit trees is during late winter or early spring, when the temperatures are barely above freezing. The ideal time to apply dormant oil sprays is before the buds on the trees begin to break, and the temperature is above 40°F and is expected to remain above freezing for at least 24 hours.

Grafting is primarily used to produce fruit trees that are genetically identical to the parent plant, ensuring uniformity in fruit production. This method also allows for combining desirable traits of rootstocks and scions, such as disease resistance and vigor, but the primary goal is uniformity.