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The angle of incidence at which reflected light is completely polarized is called the polarization angle or Brewster's angle ($\theta_B$), given by $\tan\theta_B = n$, where $n$ is the refractive index of the denser medium.

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Paper-II (Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics-I) QUESTION #3616

Question 5944

'Organoleptic' evaluation of a drug refers to evaluation by:

Chemical titration
Microscopic examination
Means of sense organs (color, odor, taste)✔️
Animal testing

Correct Answer Logic:

It is the simplest method using sight, smell, and touch.

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Home Economics QUESTION #6245

Question 5945

The study of how people use their limited resources to satisfy unlimited wants is:

Sociology
Management
Economics✔️
Psychology

Correct Answer Logic:

This is the fundamental definition of economics applied to household management.

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Chemistry QUESTION #5530

Question 5946

For $2A + B \to \text{products}$: doubling both [A] and [B] increases rate from $0.3$ to $2.4\ \text{mol L}^{-1}\text{s}^{-1}$; doubling [A] alone increases rate from $0.3$ to $0.6\ \text{mol L}^{-1}\text{s}^{-1}$. Which statement is correct?

Total order of the reaction is 4
Order w.r.t. B is 2✔️
Order w.r.t. B is 1
Order w.r.t. A is 2

Correct Answer Logic:

When only [A] doubles: rate doubles → order w.r.t. A = 1. When both [A] and [B] double: rate increases 8-fold ($2.4/0.3 = 8$). Effect of doubling both: $2^1 \times 2^n = 8 \Rightarrow 2^{1+n} = 8 = 2^3 \Rightarrow 1+n = 3 \Rightarrow n = 2$. Order w.r.t. B = 2. Total order = 1 + 2 = 3.

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Contracts QUESTION #5845

Question 5947

A Buyer orally agrees to purchase a used car for $5,000. The Buyer pays a $500 deposit, which the Seller accepts. Is the contract enforceable?

No, because the total price is over $500 and there is no signed writing.
Yes, but only for $500 worth of the car.
Yes, the entire contract is enforceable because partial payment was accepted.✔️
No, unless the car is a 'unique' good.

Correct Answer Logic:

Under UCC §2-201(3)(c), a contract is enforceable with respect to goods for which payment has been made and accepted.

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Islamic Studies QUESTION #340

Question 5948

Which Caliph was the first to set the punishment for drinking at eighty lashes?

Hazrat Ali
Hazrat Usman
Hazrat Umar✔️
Hazrat Abu Bakr

Correct Answer Logic:

Hazrat Umar (RA) increased the punishment from 40 to 80 lashes after consultation with the Sahaba.

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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3145

Question 5949

The inner lining of the uterus that is shed during menstruation is the:

Myometrium
Perimetrium
Endometrium✔️
Epimetrium

Correct Answer Logic:

The endometrium thickens each month in preparation for pregnancy.

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Mechanical Engineering QUESTION #2490

Question 5950

In the contour method of kinetostatic analysis, a closed kinematic chain is converted into two open chains by:

Removing the ground link
Severing one kinematic pair and introducing reaction force unknowns at that pair✔️
Applying inertia forces to all links simultaneously
Setting all angular accelerations to zero

Correct Answer Logic:

The contour method 'mentally disconnects' the kinematic pair $A_i$ between links $i-1$ and $i$, introducing unknown reaction forces $\mathbf{F}_{i-1,i}$ and $\mathbf{F}_{i,i-1}=-\mathbf{F}_{i-1,i}$. The closed chain becomes two open chains.

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Commerce QUESTION #6072

Question 5951

The owner of a firm used her own personal cash to buy office stationery for the business. Which account should be credited in the ledger?

Capital✔️
Cash
Drawings
Stationery

Correct Answer Logic:

When an owner introduces personal funds or assets into the business, it is treated as additional capital. The stationery account is debited (increase in expense), and the Capital account is credited (increase in owner's equity).

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Urdu QUESTION #5042

Question 5952

اردو شاعری کے علاوہ مرزا غالب نے کس صنفِ نثر میں نام پیدا کیا؟

آپ بیتی
خطوط✔️
داستان
ان میں سے کوئی نہیں

Correct Answer Logic:

مرزا غالب اردو خطوط نگاری کے بانی سمجھے جاتے ہیں۔ ان کے خطوط اردو نثر کا سرمایہ ہیں۔

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Statistics QUESTION #2011

Question 5953

Fisher's Ideal price index is preferred over Laspeyres' and Paasche's indices because it:

Uses only base period data
Is always equal to 100 in the base year
Satisfies both the time reversal test and the factor reversal test✔️
Is easiest to compute

Correct Answer Logic:

Fisher's Ideal index $= \sqrt{L \times P}$ (geometric mean of Laspeyres' and Paasche's) satisfies the time reversal test ($I_{01} \times I_{10} = 1$) and the factor reversal test ($P_{01} \times Q_{01} = V_{01}$), making it the most theoretically sound index. Neither Laspeyres' nor Paasche's alone satisfies both tests.

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Civil Procedure QUESTION #5674

Question 5954

A class action is proposed for settlement. Under Rule 23(e), what is required for the court to approve the settlement?

The majority of the class members must vote in favor.
The court must find that the settlement is 'fair, reasonable, and adequate' after a hearing.✔️
The defendant must admit liability as part of the settlement.
The settlement must provide at least 75% of the total damages claimed.

Correct Answer Logic:

Rule 23(e)(2) requires the court to find a proposed settlement 'fair, reasonable, and adequate' after a hearing.

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Accounting Finance and Punjab Sales Tax on Services QUESTION #2569

Question 5955

Under section 16B(1), input tax adjustment is NOT allowed in respect of capital goods (plant, machinery, equipment) that are:

Fully depreciated
Not exclusively useable or used in providing taxable services✔️
Imported rather than locally purchased
Older than five years

Correct Answer Logic:

Section 16B(1)(a) prohibits input tax adjustment in respect of capital goods (plant, machinery, equipment and others) NOT EXCLUSIVELY USEABLE OR USED in providing taxable services — partial use does not qualify.

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Agronomy QUESTION #2074

Question 5956

In the context of water use efficiency (WUE), deficit irrigation strategy is agronomically justified when:

Full irrigation always maximizes both yield and profit regardless of water scarcity
Marginal value of the last unit of water applied to the crop (in terms of yield gain) falls below the marginal cost of water supply — intentionally applying less than full ET requirement increases WUE and economic returns per unit water while accepting a modest, manageable yield reduction✔️
Water is abundant and energy costs are negligible
Soil salinity prevents full water application

Correct Answer Logic:

Deficit irrigation deliberately applies water below full ET demand during less sensitive growth stages, exploiting crop drought tolerance to save water. The agronomic justification is economic: when water is scarce or costly, WUE (kg yield per m³ water) and profit per unit water is maximized by deficit irrigation — even with modest yield reduction — compared to fully irrigating a smaller area.

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English QUESTION #2681

Question 5957

Choose the correct preposition: 'The plane flew ___ the mountains.'

over✔️
on
in
at

Correct Answer Logic:

'Over' is used to indicate movement at a higher level than something else.

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Paper-II (Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics-I) QUESTION #2962

Question 5958

A 'Linctus' is primarily intended for which clinical use?

Treatment of skin infections
Relief of cough✔️
Cleansing of the ear canal
Lubrication of the eye

Correct Answer Logic:

Linctuses are viscous oral liquids, usually containing syrup, used for the relief of cough.

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Electrical Engineering QUESTION #2185

Question 5959

A $100\,\text{kVA}$, $11\,\text{kV}/400\,\text{V}$ transformer has iron losses $P_i = 500\,\text{W}$ and full-load copper losses $P_{cu} = 1200\,\text{W}$. The efficiency at half full-load and $0.8$ pf lagging is:

$98.0\%$✔️
$96.1\%$
$97.3\%$
$94.5\%$

Correct Answer Logic:

Output at half load $= 0.5\times100\times10^3\times0.8 = 40{,}000\,\text{W}$. Cu loss $= (0.5)^2\times1200 = 300\,\text{W}$. Iron loss $= 500\,\text{W}$ (constant). $\eta = \frac{40000}{40000+800}\times100 = \frac{40000}{40800} \approx 98.0\%$.

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Paper-I (Anatomy/Physiology and Biochemistry/Microbiology) QUESTION #3240

Question 5960

Which molecule acts as the 'Primary Driver' for the diffusion of oxygen from alveoli into the blood?

Partial pressure gradient of $O_2$✔️
Active transport proteins
Water pressure
Blood sugar levels

Correct Answer Logic:

Gases move from areas of high partial pressure to low partial pressure.

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