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Paper-II (Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutics-I) QUESTION #3038

Question 1341

What is the standard condition for autoclaving (Pressure and Temperature)?

$15\text{ psi}$ at $121^\circ\text{C}$ for $15\text{ mins}$✔️
$10\text{ psi}$ at $100^\circ\text{C}$ for $30\text{ mins}$
$20\text{ psi}$ at $150^\circ\text{C}$ for $5\text{ mins}$
$0\text{ psi}$ at $80^\circ\text{C}$ for $1\text{ hour}$

Correct Answer Logic:

Standard autoclaving is $121^\circ\text{C}$ ($15\text{ psi}$) for at least $15$ minutes.

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Law QUESTION #9534

Question 1342

A seeks to execute a decree through arrest of the judgment-debtor B. A's officer goes to B's house at 9 PM to arrest him. B's house is locked from inside and B refuses to open the door. The officer breaks open the outer door and arrests B. Is this procedure lawful?

No; only the police can break open a door
Yes; an officer can break any door at any time to effect arrest
Yes; but only if a warrant was obtained
No; Section 55 CPC prohibits entry into a dwelling-house after sunset and before sunrise for the purpose of making an arrest; the arrest effected after sunset by breaking the outer door is in violation of the proviso to Section 55(1)✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

Section 55(1) CPC, first proviso, expressly prohibits entry into a dwelling-house for arrest after sunset and before sunrise. Entry at 9 PM violates this mandatory provision, making the arrest procedurally illegal, regardless of whether B refused to open the door.

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MCQs Section QUESTION #4842

Question 1343

Pick the word nearly opposite in meaning to "DELETERIOUS"

Nourishing✔️
Injurious
Vital
Fatal

Correct Answer Logic:

Deleterious means harmful or damaging to health or wellbeing. Its antonym is 'nourishing,' which means providing nourishment and promoting health and growth.

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Civil Engineering QUESTION #6623

Question 1344

The 'Modulus of Elasticity' ($E$) for all structural steel grades is approximately:

$29,000,000$ psi✔️
$2,900,000$ psi
$290,000$ psi
$50,000$ psi

Correct Answer Logic:

Unlike yield strength, the stiffness of steel ($E$) is constant across nearly all grades, taken as 29,000 ksi or 200,000 MPa.

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Civil Engineering QUESTION #6586

Question 1345

An airport site selection criterion requires that the site should:

Be in close proximity to residential areas and schools
Have frequent smoke and haze conditions
Have several airports in the same metropolitan area
None of the above (avoid all the listed conditions)✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

Correct airport siting criteria include:

Away from residential areas and schools (noise)
Clear atmosphere, free from smoke/haze (visibility)
Adequate spacing from other airports
Good drainage and level terrain

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Electrical Engineering QUESTION #2157

Question 1346

For an n-channel MOSFET in saturation: $I_D = \frac{k_n}{2}(V_{GS}-V_{th})^2$. Given $V_{th} = 2\,\text{V}$, $k_n = 1\,\text{mA/V}^2$, $V_{GS} = 5\,\text{V}$, find $I_D$.

$4.5\,\text{mA}$✔️
$12.5\,\text{mA}$
$9\,\text{mA}$
$2\,\text{mA}$

Correct Answer Logic:

$I_D = \frac{1}{2}(1)(5-2)^2 = 0.5 \times 9 = 4.5\,\text{mA}$.

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Agronomy QUESTION #2015

Question 1347

Agronomy is best defined as the branch of agricultural science that deals with:

The breeding and genetics of field crops only
The theory and practice of field crop production and soil management in relation to crop improvement✔️
The study of horticultural crops and their post-harvest management
The classification and taxonomy of cultivated plants

Correct Answer Logic:

Agronomy integrates both crop science and soil science to study the theory and practice of producing field crops. It encompasses soil management, tillage, nutrient management, irrigation, and crop protection — all aimed at maximizing yield and land use efficiency.

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Physics QUESTION #1189

Question 1348

The Ultraviolet catastrophe means:

The spectral energy concentration towards longer wavelength.
The spectral energy concentration at the middle of the spectrum.
The spectral energy concentration towards shorter wavelength side.✔️
None of these

Correct Answer Logic:

The ultraviolet catastrophe was a prediction of classical physics (Rayleigh-Jeans law) that a blackbody should radiate infinite energy at very short (ultraviolet) wavelengths: $u(\nu) \propto \nu^2 T$. The spectral energy density was predicted to increase without bound towards shorter wavelengths, which was catastrophically wrong and was resolved by Planck's quantum hypothesis.

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Math Physics Chemistry Biology QUESTION #7779

Question 1349

Steroid hormone synthesis occurs mainly in which organelle?

Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)✔️
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
Ribosomes

Correct Answer Logic:

Smooth ER contains enzymes for lipid and steroid synthesis (e.g., in testes, ovaries, adrenal cortex). Rough ER makes proteins; Golgi modifies; lysosomes digest.

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Accounting & Finance QUESTION #6145

Question 1350

Draft statement of financial position: Ordinary share capital $900,000; Share premium $80,000; General reserve $96,000; Retained earnings (opening) $230,000; Profit for year $145,000. What is the maximum dividend the company can declare?

$145,000
$375,000
$471,000✔️
$551,000

Correct Answer Logic:

Option C ($471,000) is correct.

Dividends can only be paid from distributable (revenue) reserves:

Retained earnings: $230,000
Profit for year: $145,000
General reserve: $96,000

Total = $471,000

Share premium ($80,000) is a capital reserve — not distributable.

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The Constitution of Pakistan QUESTION #9398

Question 1351

Article 248 provides protection from legal proceedings to the President, Governor, and Ministers. Which of the following is NOT protected by Article 248?

Criminal proceedings for acts done in personal capacity before taking office✔️
Civil proceedings in respect of exercise of powers and functions of office
A suit for damages arising from acts done as President
Criminal proceedings in respect of the exercise of functions of office

Correct Answer Logic:

Article 248(2) provides immunity from criminal proceedings in respect of the exercise of 'the powers and performance of the functions' of the office. However, Article 248(3) clarifies that nothing prevents criminal proceedings against a person for acts done before assuming office. Pre-office conduct is not protected.

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Chemistry QUESTION #4378

Question 1352

If $100\ kJ$ of heat is absorbed by the system and $40\ kJ$ of work is done on the system, what is the change in internal energy?

$-60\ kJ$
$+60\ kJ$
$-140\ kJ$
$+140\ kJ$✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

By the first law of thermodynamics: $\Delta U = q + w$. Heat absorbed by system: $q = +100\ kJ$. Work done ON the system: $w = +40\ kJ$. Therefore $\Delta U = 100 + 40 = +140\ kJ$.

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Journalism / Mass Communication QUESTION #6400

Question 1353

The first American advertising agency model (cost-plus-commission) was pioneered by which agency and became industry-wide standard in which year?

J. Walter Thompson, standardised in 1901
N. W. Ayer and Son of Philadelphia, with commission standardised at 15 percent industry-wide in 1919✔️
Procter and Collier of Cincinnati, standardised in 1896
The American Association of Advertising Agencies, standardised in 1926

Correct Answer Logic:

The textbook traces the evolution of the advertising agency model:

Pre-1880: Advertising agents were simply middlemen who bought space from newspapers and resold it to advertisers at a profit
~1880: N. W. Ayer and Son of Philadelphia introduced the “open contract” — they would be the advertiser's sole agent and price ad space at cost plus a fixed commission. This eliminated price competition among agencies
By 1892: Ayer hired the first full-time copywriter; other agencies followed
1893: The American Newspaper Publishers Association agreed not to offer discounts to direct advertisers, forcing all advertisers to use agents
1901: Curtis Publishing Company (Ladies' Home Journal) adopted the same practice; magazines followed
1919: The cost-plus-commission basis was accepted industry-wide, with the commission standardised at 15 percent — a rate that remained the industry standard for decades

This transformation turned advertising agencies into creative service providers (writing copy, creating logos and slogans, managing artwork) rather than mere space brokers.

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Accounting & Finance QUESTION #6091

Question 1354

B Limited had credit sales of $3,285,000 and year-end receivables of $405,000. If they had offered cash discounts, receivables would have been $351,000 and the allowance for doubtful debts would have decreased by $9,000. What would be the change in trade receivables turnover (in days)?

5 days faster
5 days slower
6 days faster✔️
6 days slower

Correct Answer Logic:

Current Turnover = ($405,000 / $3,285,000) $\times$ 365 = 45 days.
New Turnover = ($351,000 / $3,285,000) $\times$ 365 = 39 days.
Difference = 45 - 39 = 6 days faster. Note: Allowance for doubtful debts does not affect the calculation of the trade receivables turnover ratio (which uses gross receivables).

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Accounting & Finance QUESTION #9634

Question 1355

In partnership accounts using the 'fixed capital' method, where are drawings and profit share of a partner recorded?

Directly in the Capital Account
In the Current Account only✔️
In the Drawings Account only
In a Combined Capital-and-Current Account

Correct Answer Logic:

Under the fixed capital method, the Capital Account records only actual capital contributed or withdrawn by the partner. All other movements — profit share, drawings, interest on capital, salary to partner — are recorded in a separate Current Account. Under the fluctuating capital method, all these are recorded in the Capital Account itself.

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Chemistry QUESTION #1008

Question 1356

The species which does NOT undergo disproportionation reaction is:

$\text{ClO}_3^-$
$\text{ClO}^-$
$\text{ClO}_2^-$
$\text{ClO}_4^-$✔️

Correct Answer Logic:

$\text{ClO}_4^-$ (perchlorate) has chlorine in its highest oxidation state ($+7$), so it cannot be oxidized further. Disproportionation requires an element to be simultaneously oxidized and reduced, which is impossible at the maximum oxidation state.

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