shahzaib hassan PSYCHOLOGY   -   Developmental Psychology

What is the primary characteristic of the preoperational stage of cognitive development?

Egocentrism is like when a child thinks that everyone sees the world the same way they do. If they like a toy, they assume everyone else does too.
shahzaib hassan PSYCHOLOGY   -   Developmental Psychology

According to Piaget, what is the ability to think logically about hypothetical situations and use abstract reasoning?

Formal operations are like being able to solve puzzles in your head without needing to actually touch the pieces. You can think about possibilities that aren?t real.
shahzaib hassan PSYCHOLOGY   -   Developmental Psychology

In terms of language development, what does "overextension" mean?

Overextension is like calling every animal with four legs a "dog" because the child learned the word "dog" and applies it to everything similar.
shahzaib hassan PSYCHOLOGY   -   Developmental Psychology

Which of the following is an example of a teratogen?

A teratogen is like something bad for the baby while it?s growing inside the mommy, like alcohol or certain drugs. It can harm the baby?s development.
shahzaib hassan PSYCHOLOGY   -   Developmental Psychology

Which type of attachment is characterized by children who are upset when their caregiver leaves but are easily comforted when they return?

Secure attachment is like feeling safe with your parent. You?re sad when they leave, but you calm down because you know they will come back.
shahzaib hassan PSYCHOLOGY   -   Developmental Psychology

According to Vygotsky, what is the term for the gap between what a child can do alone and what they can do with help?

The Zone of Proximal Development is like when you need just a little help from a grown-up to do something you almost know how to do by yourself.
shahzaib hassan PSYCHOLOGY   -   Developmental Psychology

What is the term for the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen?

Object permanence is like knowing your toy is still under the blanket even though you can't see it. Babies develop this understanding during the sensorimotor stage.
shahzaib hassan PSYCHOLOGY   -   Developmental Psychology

In Erikson?s psychosocial stages, what is the primary conflict during adolescence?

Identity vs. Role Confusion is like trying to figure out who you are. Adolescents start asking big questions like "Who am I?" and "What do I want to be?"
shahzaib hassan PSYCHOLOGY   -   Developmental Psychology

According to Piaget, during which stage do children begin to understand conservation, the idea that quantity remains the same even when the shape changes?

Conservation is like knowing that if you flatten a ball of clay, it's still the same amount of clay, even though it looks different. This understanding develops during the concrete operational stage.
shahzaib hassan PSYCHOLOGY   -   Social Psychology

Which phenomenon explains why people perform worse on complex tasks in the presence of others?

Social inhibition is like freezing up during a test when everyone is watching, even though you knew the answers when you were alone. You feel nervous and perform worse.

PSYCHOLOGY