A Pelton wheel turbine is designed to extract energy from high-pressure water jets and convert it into rotational mechanical energy, which is then used to drive an electrical generator in a hydropower plant.

Radiation is the primary mode of heat transfer in a vacuum because it does not require a medium for energy transfer and can occur through electromagnetic waves.

The Reynolds number is a dimensionless parameter used in fluid mechanics to predict the flow regime (i.e., laminar, transitional, or turbulent) of a fluid flow based on its velocity, density, viscosity, and characteristic length.

In a static equilibrium system, the sum of all forces acting on a rigid body must be zero to ensure that the body remains stationary.

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites offer exceptional strength-to-weight ratios due to the high strength of carbon fibers combined with the low density of the polymer matrix.