The division of Germany into East and West, symbolized by the Berlin Wall, was a direct consequence of:
Which battle marked Napoleon's final defeat, leading to his exile to the island of Elba in 1814?
Which of the following best explains the primary impact of the Peace of Westphalia (1648) on the political landscape of Europe?
Which Eastern European country was led by Marshal J?zef Pilsudski, who established an authoritarian regime in the interwar period characterized by his "Sanation" policies?
How did the Enlightenment influence political developments in Europe during the 18th century?
The Expedition of the Thousand, a crucial event in Italian unification, was led by:
Which major European powers were the key participants in the Concert of Europe?
The North German Confederation, a precursor to the German Empire, was led by the dominance of which German state?
The alliance system that contributed to the escalation of the first world war included which major alliances?
What event marked the beginning of the French Revolution in 1789?
The Marshall Plan, initiated in 1948, aimed to provide economic assistance to war-torn European countries. Which country proposed and led this plan?
The ultimatum delivered by Austria-Hungary to Serbia after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914 contained what controversial demand?
The Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871 played a crucial role in the final stages of German unification. What significant event occurred during this war?
During the High Middle Ages, the Catholic Church's influence in Europe was pervasive. Which of the following was NOT a factor contributing to the Church's power during this period?
The Industrial Revolution brought about significant social changes in Europe. Which of the following statements best describes one of these changes?
The Napoleonic Code, a comprehensive legal system, was introduced by Napoleon Bonaparte in:
The Industrial Revolution, characterized by technological advancements and the shift to mechanized production, primarily began in which country during the early 19th century?
What was the "Eastern Question" in 19th-century European politics?
Who was known as the "Desert Fox" during World War II?
The Treaty of Versailles (1919) had several provisions aimed at ensuring lasting peace in Europe. Which of the following was a direct consequence of the treaty?
Operation Barbarossa, launched by Nazi Germany in 1941, was a military campaign directed against which country?
Which political ideology was endorsed by the Concert of Europe as a means of preserving the existing order in Europe?
The Treaty of Paris (1856), which ended the Crimean War (1853-1856), aimed to:
What treaty led to Russia's withdrawal from the First World War?
Which of the following events during the French Revolution most directly challenged the traditional authority of the monarchy and the Church?
What political ideology, emphasizing individual rights, representative government, and rule of law, gained prominence in the wake of the Napoleonic era?