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GAT Subject Test (Chemistry)
National Testing Service Pakistan
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Past Paper
Fani Warraich
CHEMISTRY
-
Biochemistry
DNA model was presented by Watson and Crick in
A. 1951.
B. 1952.
C. 1953.
D. 1954.
Fani Warraich
CHEMISTRY
-
Biochemistry
The "energy carrier" ATP is an example of a(n)
A. deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate.
B. di-nucleotide.
C. ribonucleotide.
D. ribonucleoside triphosphate.
Fani Warraich
CHEMISTRY
-
Biochemistry
S-adenosyl methionine is a group donor of
A. Phosphate.
B. Methyl.
C. Adenosine.
D. Sulfate.
Fani Warraich
CHEMISTRY
-
Biochemistry
When DNA is heated, the temperature at which ________ of the helical structure is lost is defined as the melting temperature.
A. One half.
B. Two half.
C. Three half.
D. Complete.
Fani Warraich
CHEMISTRY
-
Biochemistry
Nucleotides also serve as carriers of activated intermediates in the synthesis of
A. Carbohydrates.
B. Lipids.
C. Proteins.
D. All of these.
Anna
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Verbal Reasoning
Many find it strange that her writing is thought to be tortuous; her recent essays, although longer than most of her earlier essays, are extremely_______.
A. Insightful.
B. Tedious.
C. Painstacking.
D. Sophisticated.
Anna
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Verbal Reasoning
The author presents the life of Zane Grey with _____ unusual in a biographer: he is not even convinced that Grey was a good writer.
A. Deftness.
B. A Zeal.
C. A Detachment.
D. An eloquence.
Bashir Farooqi
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Verbal Reasoning
During their operational lifetimes, the majority of spacecraft currently face minimal risk of collision with space junk, but given the number of new satellites launched each year, the orbital environment is likely to be less ________ in the future.
A. Defective.
B. Invoked.
C. Protected.
D. None of these.
Bashir Farooqi
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Verbal Reasoning
Florence Nightingale was ___ in the development of modern medicine, ___ such practices as sanitization of hospital wards and isolation of actively infected patients.
A. an innovator…initiating.
B. rejecting…a collaborator.
C. a maverick…protesting.
D. An individualist…standardizing .
Muhammad Tayyab Ikhlas
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Verbal Reasoning
Linda Greenhouse's articles for the New York Times are an outstanding example of ___, capsulizing prose into a necessarily limited space.
A. Callousness.
B. Brevity.
C. Intuition.
D. None of these.
Muhammad Tayyab Ikhlas
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Verbal Reasoning
Roberto Clement was seen as ___ during his life because of both his selflessness on the baseball field and his humanitarian work in his native Nicaragua
A. a grandstander.
B. An individualist.
C. . a sybarite .
D. an opportunist.
Muhammad Tayyab Ikhlas
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Verbal Reasoning
His habit of spending more than he earned left him in a state of perpetual------ but he------------hoping to see a more affluent day
A. motion: responded.
B. enervation: retaliated by.
C. confusion: compromised by.
D. indigence: persevered in.
Muhammad Tayyab Ikhlas
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Verbal Reasoning
Known for his commitment to numerous worthy causes, the philanthropist deserved------ for his-----------
A. Credit: altruism.
B. Reward: modesty .
C. blame: hypocrisy.
D. recognition: folly.
Muhammad Tayyab Ikhlas
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Verbal Reasoning
You should --------this paragraph in order to make your essay more-----
A. Remove, discursive.
B. Enlarge, redundant .
C. Delete, succinct.
D. Revise, abstruse.
Muhammad Tayyab Ikhlas
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Verbal Reasoning
A------glance pays-----attention to details
A. Furtive: meticulous.
B. Cursory: little.
C. Cryptic: close.
D. Keen: scanty.
Muhammad Tayyab Ikhlas
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Verbal Reasoning
Surprisingly enough, it is more difficult to write about the--------than about the---and strange.
A. simple, routine.
B. commonplace, exotic.
C. abstract, prosaic.
D. specific, foreign.
Muhammad Tayyab Ikhlas
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Verbal Reasoning
A-----response is one that is made with----------.
A. harmful, grimaces.
B. sure, slowness.
C. speedy, alacrity.
D. stupid, fear.
Muhammad Tayyab Ikhlas
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Verbal Reasoning
3. A----is a-------.
A. doctrine, follower.
B. discipline, school.
C. criterion, mistake.
D. norm, standard.
Muhammad Tayyab Ikhlas
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Verbal Reasoning
It is widely believed that a nuclear war could ____ enough smoke and dust to block out the sun and freeze the earth.
A. Generate.
B. Extinguish.
C. Billow.
D. None of these.
Muhammad Tayyab Ikhlas
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Verbal Reasoning
Consumption of red meat has ____ because its fat content has become a worrisome and ____ matter.
A. Skyrocketed ... stressful.
B. Abated ... dubious .
C. Declined ... controversial.
D. None these.
Muhammad Tayyab Ikhlas
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Verbal Reasoning
It takes ____ character to ____ the extremities of the arctic region.
A. A nomadic ... espouse.
B. An unflappable ... sustain.
C. An inimitable ... resist.
D. None of these.
Muhammad Tayyab Ikhlas
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Verbal Reasoning
Consumers refused to buy meat products from the company because of rumors that the water supply at the meat processing plant was ______; the rumors, however, were quite ______, with no hard evidence to back them up.
A. Contaminated .. unsubstantiated.
B. Impure .. damaging.
C. Misdirected .. scandalous.
D. Unscrupulous .. vicious.
Muhammad Tayyab Ikhlas
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Verbal Reasoning
Many kinds of harmful viruses are unhindered when passing through different parts of the host organism; indeed, there are few organic substances which such viruses’ cannot______.
A. exterminate.
B. perforate.
C. aerate.
D. None of these.
Muhammad Tayyab Ikhlas
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Verbal Reasoning
Their conversation was unsettling, for the gravity of their topic contrasted so oddly with the ______ of their tone
A. rapidity.
B. lightness.
C. precision.
D. None of these.
Muhammad Tayyab Ikhlas
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Verbal Reasoning
Throughout the animal kingdom, ____ bigger than the elephant.
A. only the whale is.
B. is the whale only.
C. whale is only the.
D. whale is only.
Fani Warraich
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Verbal Reasoning
Although its publicity has been ___, the film itself is intelligent, well-acted, handsomely produced and altogether ___
A. perfect … spectacular.
B. sophisticated … moderate.
C. extensive … moderate.
D. tasteless … respectable.
Fani Warraich
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Verbal Reasoning
The Inuit natives of Alaska's North Slope worry that ___ oil exploration might ___their sensitive natural environment.
A. unregulated…damage.
B. curtailed…shatter.
C. current…bolster.
D. additional…assist.
Fani Warraich
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Verbal Reasoning
Ants live in colonies based on ___; each member contributes to the good of all by actively working with others in performing necessary tasks.
A. Heredity.
B. Cooperation.
C. Reasoning.
D. Instinct.
Sidis
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Verbal Reasoning
In the given sentence, identify the gerund phrase: "Running marathons in extreme weather conditions requires immense determination and endurance."
A. Running marathons.
B. Marathons in extreme weather conditions.
C. Requires immense determination.
D. And endurance.
Sidis
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Verbal Reasoning
Identify the logical fallacy in the following argument: "I've never seen a black swan; therefore, black swans do not exist."
A. Circular Reasoning.
B. Hasty Generalization.
C. False Cause.
D. Appeal to Ignorance.
Sidis
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Verbal Reasoning
Choose the word that best completes the analogy: Adorn: Decorate :: _______ : Amass
A. Squander.
B. Preserve.
C. Hoard.
D. None of the above.
Sidis
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Verbal Reasoning
Identify the figure of speech used in the following sentence :"The stars danced playfully in the sky."
A. Simile.
B. Hyperbole.
C. Personification.
D. Metaphor.
Sidis
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Analytical Reasoning
An office building has five floors, numbered one through five. Each floor has a different color carpet: red, blue, green, yellow, and white. The following conditions must be met: i. The red carpet cannot be on the top floor. ii. The blue carpet must be above the green carpet but below the yellow carpet. iii. The white carpet must be on a higher floor than the green carpet but cannot be on the top floor. In which of the following arrangements is the sequence of floors correctly matched with the colors of their respective carpets?
A. Floor 1: Red, Floor 2: Blue, Floor 3: Green, Floor 4: Yellow, Floor 5: White.
B. Floor 1: Green, Floor 2: Blue, Floor 3: Red, Floor 4: White, Floor 5: Yellow.
C. Floor 1: Yellow, Floor 2: Blue, Floor 3: Green, Floor 4: White, Floor 5: Red.
D. Floor 1: Blue, Floor 2: Green, Floor 3: Red, Floor 4: Yellow, Floor 5: White.
Sidis
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Analytical Reasoning
In a certain company, there are seven executives: Adam, Ben, Chris, David, Emily, Fiona, and Grace. They are seated in a row of chairs. The following conditions must be met: i. Adam cannot sit next to Chris or Emily. ii. Ben must sit next to David. iii. Fiona cannot sit at either end of the row. Which of the following is a valid arrangement of the executives?
A. Adam, Ben, Chris, David, Emily, Fiona, Grace.
B. Fiona, Emily, Ben, David, Adam, Chris, Grace.
C. Grace, Fiona, Emily, Ben, David, Adam, Chris.
D. Chris, David, Ben, Emily, Adam, Grace, Fiona.
Sidis
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Analytical Reasoning
Five friends – Alex, Brian, Chris, David, and Eric – are participating in a singing competition. They will perform one after the other. The following conditions must be met: i. Alex cannot perform before David or Eric. ii. Brian must perform before Chris. iii. David cannot be the first or last to perform. In which of the following sequences can the friends perform according to the given conditions?
A. Eric, Alex, David, Brian, Chris.
B. Chris, David, Brian, Alex, Eric.
C. Brian, Eric, Chris, David, Alex.
D. David, Eric, Alex, Chris, Brian.
Sidis
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Analytical Reasoning
In a chess tournament, there are six players: Alice, Bob, Carol, David, Emily, and Frank. Each player plays exactly once against each of the other players. The following conditions must be met: i. Alice must play against Bob and Emily. ii. Carol cannot play against David or Frank. iii. Emily must play against Alice and David. How many different matches can be played in total?
A. 15.
B. 18.
C. 12.
D. 21.
Sidis
IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY
-
Analytical Reasoning
Five books – A, B, C, D, and E – are placed on a shelf. The following conditions must be met: i. Book A cannot be placed next to book B. ii. Book C must be placed between books B and D. iii. Book E must be placed somewhere to the right of book A. Which of the following represents a valid arrangement of the books on the shelf, from left to right?
A. B, A, E, C, D.
B. B, C, D, E, A.
C. D, C, B, E, A.
D. A, B, D, E, C.
Malen Bara
CHEMISTRY
-
Organic Chemistry
Which of the following statements about the bonding in ethyne (acetylene, C2H2) is correct?
A. Ethyne has two sp3 hybridized carbons with a triple bond between them..
B. Ethyne has two sp2 hybridized carbons with a double bond between them..
C. Ethyne has two sp hybridized carbons with a triple bond between them..
D. Ethyne has two sp2 hybridized carbons with a single bond between them..
Malen Bara
CHEMISTRY
-
Organic Chemistry
Which of the following functional groups can act as both an acid and a base?
A. Alcohol.
B. Amine.
C. Carboxylic acid.
D. Amide.
Malen Bara
CHEMISTRY
-
Organic Chemistry
Which of the following compounds is chiral?
A. 2-Butanol.
B. 1-Butanol.
C. 2-Methylpropane.
D. Ethanol.
Malen Bara
CHEMISTRY
-
Organic Chemistry
In which of the following reactions does the formation of a carbocation intermediate occur?
A. SN2 reaction.
B. E2 reaction.
C. SN1 reaction.
D. Diels-Alder reaction.
Malen Bara
CHEMISTRY
-
Organic Chemistry
What is the first step in the retrosynthetic analysis of 1-bromo-2-phenylethane?
A. Remove the bromine atom..
B. Identify the phenyl group attachment..
C. Identify a precursor for the ethane chain..
D. Consider a Friedel-Crafts alkylation..
Malen Bara
CHEMISTRY
-
Organic Chemistry
In proton NMR spectroscopy, what splitting pattern would you expect for the protons on the methylene group in ethyl acetate (CH3COOCH2CH3)?
A. Singlet.
B. Doublet.
C. Triplet.
D. Quartet.
Malen Bara
CHEMISTRY
-
Organic Chemistry
Which of the following compounds is not aromatic?
A. Benzene.
B. Pyridine.
C. Cyclooctatetraene.
D. Naphthalene.
Malen Bara
CHEMISTRY
-
Organic Chemistry
In an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, which intermediate is formed?
A. Carbocation.
B. Free radical.
C. Anion.
D. Sigma complex.
Malen Bara
CHEMISTRY
-
Organic Chemistry
Which of the following statements about the polymerization of ethylene to form polyethylene is correct?
A. It is a condensation polymerization..
B. It involves the elimination of water..
C. It is a free radical polymerization..
D. It forms a cross-linked polymer..
Malen Bara
CHEMISTRY
-
Organic Chemistry
Which of the following heterocycles contains nitrogen and is aromatic?
A. Furan.
B. Thiophene.
C. Pyrrole.
D. Oxazole.
Malen Bara
CHEMISTRY
-
Organic Chemistry
Which type of enzyme catalysis involves the formation of a covalent bond between the enzyme and the substrate?
A. Acid-base catalysis.
B. Covalent catalysis.
C. Metal ion catalysis.
D. Proximity and orientation effects.
Malen Bara
CHEMISTRY
-
Organic Chemistry
Which of the following principles is not one of the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry?
A. Designing safer chemicals..
B. Using renewable feedstocks..
C. Maximizing atom economy..
D. Increasing chemical yields..
Malen Bara
CHEMISTRY
-
Inorganic Chemistry
Which of the following elements has the highest second ionization energy?
A. Sodium (Na).
B. Magnesium (Mg).
C. Aluminum (Al).
D. Silicon (Si).
Malen Bara
CHEMISTRY
-
Inorganic Chemistry
Which of the following molecules has the most polar bond?
A. HCl.
B. CO.
C. HF.
D. H2O.
Malen Bara
CHEMISTRY
-
Inorganic Chemistry
In a face-centered cubic (fcc) lattice, what is the coordination number of each atom?
A. 4.
B. 6.
C. 8.
D. 12.
Malen Bara
CHEMISTRY
-
Inorganic Chemistry
Which of the following ligands will cause the greatest splitting in the d-orbital energies of a central metal ion according to the spectrochemical series?
A. H2O.
B. NH3.
C. CN⁻.
D. Cl⁻.
Malen Bara
CHEMISTRY
-
Inorganic Chemistry
In the compound ferrocene (Fe(C5H5)2), what is the oxidation state of the iron center?
A. 0.
B. +1.
C. +2.
D. +3.
Malen Bara
CHEMISTRY
-
Inorganic Chemistry
Which metal ion is at the active site of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase?
A. Fe.
B. Zn.
C. Cu.
D. Mg.
Malen Bara
CHEMISTRY
-
Inorganic Chemistry
Which of the following elements forms a stable diatomic molecule in the gas phase?
A. Phosphorus (P).
B. Sulfur (S).
C. Nitrogen (N).
D. Silicon (Si).
Malen Bara
CHEMISTRY
-
Inorganic Chemistry
Which of the following transition metals exhibits the highest number of oxidation states?
A. Iron (Fe).
B. Manganese (Mn).
C. Chromium (Cr).
D. Copper (Cu).
Malen Bara
CHEMISTRY
-
Inorganic Chemistry
Which of the following actinides is commonly used as a fuel in nuclear reactors?
A. Thorium (Th).
B. Uranium (U).
C. Neptunium (Np).
D. Curium (Cm).
Malen Bara
CHEMISTRY
-
Inorganic Chemistry
Which of the following compounds acts as both a Lewis acid and a Lewis base?
A. H₂O.
B. NH₃.
C. BF₃.
D. AlCl₃.
Malen Bara
CHEMISTRY
-
Inorganic Chemistry
Which of the following is a typical example of an inner-sphere electron transfer reaction?
A. Oxidation of Fe²⁺ by Ce⁴⁺.
B. Reduction of MnO₄⁻ by Fe²⁺.
C. Reduction of Cr₂O₇²⁻ by Zn.
D. Oxidation of Cl⁻ by MnO₄⁻.
Malen Bara
CHEMISTRY
-
Inorganic Chemistry
Which of the following methods is commonly used to synthesize graphene?
A. Sol-gel process.
B. Chemical vapor deposition.
C. Hydrothermal synthesis.
D. Co-precipitation.
Fani Warraich
CHEMISTRY
-
Chemistry
Which type of bonding is present in NH4Cl?
A. Ionic.
B. Covalent.
C. Coordinate covalent..
D. All of these..
Fani Warraich
CHEMISTRY
-
Chemistry
When CuSO4 is electrolyzed in aqueous solution using copper electrodes, then the substance which deposits at the cathode is:
A. Copper metal..
B. Copper ions..
C. Hydrogen..
D. Oxygen..
Mushkovic
CHEMISTRY
-
Chemistry
Aldehydes can be synthesized by the oxidation of:
A. Primary alcohols..
B. Secondary alcohols..
C. Organic acids..
D. Inorganic acids..
Mushkovic
CHEMISTRY
-
Chemistry
The products of the fermentation of a sugar are ethanol and:
A. Oxygen.
B. Carbon dioxide.
C. Water.
D. Sulfur dioxide.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Analytical Chemistry
Which technique is most suitable for determining the molecular weight of a protein?
A. NMR Spectroscopy.
B. Mass Spectrometry.
C. IR Spectroscopy.
D. UV-Vis Spectroscopy.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Analytical Chemistry
What is the primary purpose of a buffer solution in analytical chemistry?
A. To maintain ionic strength.
B. To stabilize pH.
C. To act as a solvent.
D. To act as a reactant.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Analytical Chemistry
In chromatography, what does the term 'resolution' refer to?
A. The time taken for elution.
B. The separation of two peaks.
C. The volume of mobile phase used.
D. The detector sensitivity.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Analytical Chemistry
Which of the following is a primary standard in titration?
A. Sodium chloride.
B. Sodium hydroxide.
C. Potassium permanganate.
D. Oxalic acid.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Analytical Chemistry
What is the principle of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)?
A. Emission of light by atoms.
B. Absorption of light by atoms.
C. Scattering of light by atoms.
D. Fluorescence of atoms.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Analytical Chemistry
Which detector is commonly used in Gas Chromatography (GC) for detecting organic compounds?
A. Flame Ionization Detector (FID).
B. UV-Vis Detector.
C. Mass Spectrometer.
D. Refractive Index Detector.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Analytical Chemistry
In electrochemical analysis, what does a 'three-electrode system' typically consist of?
A. Working, counter, and reference electrodes.
B. Anode, cathode, and ground.
C. Working, auxiliary, and ground electrodes.
D. Reference, indicator, and ground electrodes.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Analytical Chemistry
What is the main advantage of using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) over traditional column chromatography?
A. Lower cost.
B. Higher sensitivity.
C. Faster analysis time.
D. Lower solvent consumption.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Analytical Chemistry
Which of the following is NOT a type of ionization technique used in Mass Spectrometry?
A. Electron Impact (EI).
B. Chemical Ionization (CI).
C. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI).
D. Flame Ionization (FI).
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Analytical Chemistry
In UV-Vis Spectroscopy, what does the term 'molar absorptivity' refer to?
A. The wavelength of maximum absorption.
B. The absorbance of a solution at a given concentration.
C. The concentration of the analyte.
D. The efficiency of light absorption per unit concentration.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Analytical Chemistry
What is the purpose of a blank solution in spectrophotometry?
A. To calibrate the instrument.
B. To remove background interference.
C. To increase the absorbance.
D. To decrease the noise.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Analytical Chemistry
In NMR spectroscopy, what does the chemical shift represent?
A. The resonance frequency of nuclei.
B. The magnetic field strength.
C. The energy of the nuclei.
D. The number of nuclei.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Analytical Chemistry
Which method is used to determine the particle size distribution in a sample?
A. UV-Vis Spectroscopy.
B. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS).
C. NMR Spectroscopy.
D. Gas Chromatography.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Analytical Chemistry
In titration, what is the role of an indicator?
A. To react with the analyte.
B. To stabilize the pH.
C. To signal the end point.
D. To act as a buffer.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Analytical Chemistry
What is the principle of Gel Electrophoresis?
A. Separation based on molecular weight.
B. Separation based on charge.
C. Separation based on solubility.
D. Separation based on affinity.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Analytical Chemistry
Which of the following is a common method for sample preparation in Trace Metal Analysis?
A. Solid-phase extraction.
B. Liquid-liquid extraction.
C. Digestion.
D. Filtration.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Analytical Chemistry
In FTIR spectroscopy, what does 'FT' stand for?
A. Fourier Transform.
B. Frequency Transfer.
C. Fast Transmission.
D. Functional Titration.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Analytical Chemistry
What is the primary application of X-ray diffraction (XRD) in analytical chemistry?
A. Determining molecular weight.
B. Analyzing the chemical composition.
C. Studying the crystal structure.
D. Measuring the absorbance.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Analytical Chemistry
Which technique is best suited for the quantitative analysis of metals in a sample?
A. UV-Vis Spectroscopy.
B. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS).
C. NMR Spectroscopy.
D. Gas Chromatography.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Analytical Chemistry
In Liquid Chromatography, what does the term 'isocratic' refer to?
A. Constant flow rate.
B. Constant temperature.
C. Constant mobile phase composition.
D. Constant pressure.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Analytical Chemistry
What is the main purpose of using an internal standard in quantitative analysis?
A. To improve sensitivity.
B. To calibrate the instrument.
C. To correct for variations in sample preparation and analysis.
D. To identify the analyte.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Analytical Chemistry
Which of the following is NOT a type of detector used in Liquid Chromatography (LC)?
A. UV-Vis Detector.
B. Flame Ionization Detector (FID).
C. Refractive Index Detector.
D. Mass Spectrometer.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Analytical Chemistry
What is the principle of Ion-Exchange Chromatography?
A. Separation based on polarity.
B. Separation based on size.
C. Separation based on charge.
D. Separation based on affinity.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Analytical Chemistry
In potentiometry, what does the Nernst equation relate to?
A. Concentration and potential.
B. Temperature and potential.
C. Pressure and potential.
D. Volume and potential.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Analytical Chemistry
What is the main advantage of using a capillary column in Gas Chromatography?
A. Higher resolution.
B. Faster analysis.
C. Lower cost.
D. Easier maintenance.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Analytical Chemistry
Which of the following is a non-destructive analytical technique?
A. Mass Spectrometry.
B. UV-Vis Spectroscopy.
C. IR Spectroscopy.
D. X-ray Fluorescence (XRF).
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Analytical Chemistry
What is the primary use of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)?
A. Measuring thermal stability.
B. Measuring electrical conductivity.
C. Measuring chemical composition.
D. Measuring optical properties.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Analytical Chemistry
In cyclic voltammetry, what information can be obtained from the peak current?
A. Concentration of analyte.
B. Rate of electron transfer.
C. Diffusion coefficient.
D. Electrode surface area.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Analytical Chemistry
What is the role of a nebulizer in Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)?
A. To atomize the sample.
B. To ionize the sample.
C. To vaporize the sample.
D. To mix the sample with the fuel.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Analytical Chemistry
Which technique is used for the separation of chiral compounds?
A. Gas Chromatography.
B. Liquid Chromatography.
C. Chiral Chromatography.
D. Ion-Exchange Chromatography.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
What is the significance of the partition function in statistical mechanics?
A. Measures energy distribution.
B. Describes entropy.
C. Normalizes probability.
D. Defines temperature.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
Which equation relates the Gibbs free energy to the equilibrium constant?
A. Arrhenius equation.
B. Van't Hoff equation.
C. Nernst equation.
D. Clausius-Clapeyron equation.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
What is the fundamental principle behind the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle?
A. Exact position and momentum.
B. Exact energy levels.
C. Conjugate variables.
D. Particle-wave duality.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
In quantum chemistry, what does the term 'degenerate orbitals' refer to?
A. Orbitals with different shapes.
B. Orbitals with the same energy.
C. Orbitals with different spins.
D. Orbitals in different subshells.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
Which theory explains the shapes of molecular orbitals formed from atomic orbitals?
A. Valence Bond Theory.
B. Molecular Orbital Theory.
C. Crystal Field Theory.
D. Ligand Field Theory.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
What is the main purpose of the Schr?dinger equation in quantum mechanics?
A. Predicts chemical reactions.
B. Describes particle-wave duality.
C. Determines energy levels.
D. Measures electron spin.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
Which thermodynamic quantity is maximized at equilibrium for a closed system?
A. Enthalpy.
B. Entropy.
C. Gibbs free energy.
D. Helmholtz free energy.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
What is the key concept behind the Debye-H?ckel theory in electrochemistry?
A. Activity coefficients.
B. Ionic strength.
C. Diffusion coefficients.
D. Redox potentials.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
In spectroscopy, what is the significance of the Franck-Condon principle?
A. Energy transitions.
B. Electronic states.
C. Vibrational overlaps.
D. Spin-orbit coupling.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
Which concept explains the deviation of real gases from ideal behavior?
A. Van der Waals equation.
B. Boyle's law.
C. Charles's law.
D. Avogadro's law.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
What is the principle of microscopic reversibility in chemical kinetics?
A. Reaction rates.
B. Equilibrium constants.
C. Path independence.
D. Reaction mechanisms.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
In solid-state chemistry, what does the term 'band gap' refer to?
A. Energy between electron shells.
B. Energy between atomic orbitals.
C. Energy between conduction and valence bands.
D. Energy between molecular orbitals.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
Which phenomenon is described by the term 'quantum tunneling'?
A. Particle acceleration.
B. Wave interference.
C. Barrier penetration.
D. Energy quantization.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
What is the main outcome of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation in molecular quantum mechanics?
A. Separation of nuclear and electronic motion.
B. Determination of molecular orbitals.
C. Calculation of reaction rates.
D. Prediction of molecular geometries.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
In surface chemistry, what does the term 'chemisorption' imply?
A. Weak physical adsorption.
B. Strong chemical bonding.
C. Multilayer adsorption.
D. Desorption at high temperatures.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
What is the primary purpose of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?
A. Increase yield.
B. Lower activation energy.
C. Change reaction pathway.
D. Increase reactant concentration.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
Which concept in thermodynamics is described by the Gibbs phase rule?
A. Number of phases in equilibrium.
B. Enthalpy changes.
C. Entropy changes.
D. Heat capacity.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
What is the significance of the Bohr radius in atomic physics?
A. Electron energy levels.
B. Proton radius.
C. Atomic nucleus size.
D. Ground state electron orbit.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
Which technique is used to study the energy levels of electrons in atoms and molecules?
A. IR Spectroscopy.
B. NMR Spectroscopy.
C. UV-Vis Spectroscopy.
D. X-ray Crystallography.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
What does the term 'spin-orbit coupling' describe in atomic structure?
A. Interaction between electrons and protons.
B. Interaction between electron spin and orbital motion.
C. Interaction between atomic nuclei.
D. Interaction between atoms in a molecule.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
In thermodynamics, what does the Helmholtz free energy represent?
A. Maximum work at constant pressure.
B. Maximum work at constant temperature and volume.
C. Heat absorbed at constant pressure.
D. Heat absorbed at constant volume.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
Which law describes the relationship between the intensity of light absorbed and the concentration of the absorbing species?
A. Beer-Lambert Law.
B. Henry's Law.
C. Raoult's Law.
D. Dalton's Law.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
What is the primary focus of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm?
A. Adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces.
B. Multilayer adsorption.
C. Adsorption on homogeneous surfaces.
D. Absorption in bulk phase.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
Which term describes the change in Gibbs free energy for a reaction at constant temperature and pressure?
A. Enthalpy change.
B. Entropy change.
C. Reaction quotient.
D. Free energy change.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
What is the role of a Maxwell relation in thermodynamics?
A. Relates thermodynamic potentials.
B. Measures entropy changes.
C. Calculates heat capacity.
D. Determines reaction rates.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
In spectroscopy, what does the term 'Stark effect' refer to?
A. Splitting of spectral lines due to magnetic field.
B. Splitting of spectral lines due to electric field.
C. Broadening of spectral lines due to pressure.
D. Shifting of spectral lines due to temperature.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
What is the principle behind the Boltzmann distribution in statistical mechanics?
A. Distribution of molecular speeds.
B. Distribution of particle velocities.
C. Distribution of energy states.
D. Distribution of pressure.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?
A. Ionic bond.
B. Covalent bond.
C. Metallic bond.
D. Hydrogen bond.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
What is the concept of 'enthalpy of formation'?
A. Heat absorbed in breaking bonds.
B. Heat released in bond formation.
C. Heat change in forming one mole of a compound from its elements.
D. Heat change in a phase transition.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
In the context of quantum mechanics, what does the Pauli exclusion principle state?
A. Electrons have wave-particle duality.
B. No two electrons can have the same set of quantum numbers.
C. Electrons occupy the lowest energy levels first.
D. Electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
Which type of molecular vibration is active in IR spectroscopy?
A. Symmetric stretching.
B. Asymmetric stretching.
C. Bending.
D. All of the above.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
What is the primary factor that determines the rate of a chemical reaction?
A. Temperature.
B. Pressure.
C. Reactant concentration.
D. Activation energy.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
Which term describes the equilibrium constant of a reaction in which all reactants and products are in the same phase?
A. Kp.
B. Kc.
C. Ka.
D. Kd.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
What is the principle of 'Le Chatelier's Principle' in chemical equilibrium?
A. Describes the effect of temperature on reaction rates.
B. Describes the effect of pressure on reaction rates.
C. Predicts the direction of shift in equilibrium when a change occurs.
D. Describes the formation of complexes.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
In the context of phase transitions, what does the term 'latent heat' refer to?
A. Heat required to change temperature.
B. Heat released during chemical reactions.
C. Heat absorbed or released during a phase change.
D. Heat conducted through a substance.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
What is the primary use of the Arrhenius equation in chemical kinetics?
A. Determine equilibrium constants.
B. Calculate rate constants.
C. Predict product yields.
D. Measure heat capacities.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
In electrochemistry, what does the term 'standard electrode potential' refer to?
A. Potential of a half-cell under standard conditions.
B. Potential difference between two electrodes.
C. Work done by an electrochemical cell.
D. Energy required to transfer electrons.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
What is the concept of 'chemical potential' in thermodynamics?
A. Energy per mole of substance.
B. Energy required for phase change.
C. Energy required for chemical reaction.
D. Energy change associated with the addition of a particle.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
Which principle explains the emission and absorption spectra of atoms?
A. Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle.
B. Bohr's Model.
C. Rydberg Formula.
D. Quantum Mechanical Model.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
What is the significance of the 'Z' parameter in crystallography?
A. Number of formula units in a unit cell.
B. Atomic number.
C. Coordination number.
D. Lattice parameter.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
In the context of reaction mechanisms, what does the term 'rate-determining step' refer to?
A. Fastest step in the mechanism.
B. Slowest step in the mechanism.
C. Step with the highest energy transition state.
D. Step with the lowest activation energy.
Muntaha Nasir
CHEMISTRY
-
Physical Chemistry
What is the main principle behind the 'Tyndall effect' in colloidal chemistry?
A. Scattering of light by colloidal particles.
B. Absorption of light by colloidal particles.
C. Reflection of light by colloidal particles.
D. Diffusion of light by colloidal particles.
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Muntaha Nasir
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