Fani Warraich

Digital Entrepreneur, Strategist

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Qualification	Master
Subject	MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
Country	Pakistan
Gender	Male

Fani Warraich

Hello everybody!

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Fani Warraich

Welcome our new member @testu4

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Fani Warraich

welcome

Fani Warraich

Let's welcome our new member @elizabeth

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Fani Warraich Result Update about Instructor/Lecturer Commerce PPSC

Got some information

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Fani Warraich

Hello everybody here

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Fani Warraich

https://web.skype.com/

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Fani Warraich DateSheet Update about Instructor/Lecturer Commerce PPSC

Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.

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Fani Warraich Result Update

hjkdshfjaskdfhhdsjkfhkjs

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Fani Warraich DateSheet Update about GRE® General Test

Spaces updates test

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Fani Warraich Admission Update about District Zakat Officer (BS-17)

testing updates

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Fani Warraich Syllabus Update about District Zakat Officer (BS-17)

Asalam-o-Alaikum Everybody here.

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Farid Uddin

yes

Fani Warraich

I want to know if someone can guide about scholarship in Italy?

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Fani Warraich

Whatever you do today, will shape your tomorrow!

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Fani Warraich

gdfjgkldjfgkjds fgsdf

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Fani Warraich Feeling Thoughtful

the famous lamb experiment by Ibn e Sina he took two lambs and placed them in cages one of the lamb was positioned to see a wolf the other lamb lives without facing the wolf all the other conditions were the same the lambs were the same kind the same length the same weight and they ate the same things months later Ibn e Sina came to a fascinating conclusion the lamb that was facing the wolf died of stress fear and trouble however the other one which ate the same things at the same conditions but didn't see the wolf was living happily and peacefully it even gained some weight in this experiment Ibn e Sina tried to observe how the things we experience mentally affect our bodies what is the result our unnecessary fears baseless anxieties stress these all harm our bodies and health in other words if we can't manage our stress in our minds the result is we will live shorter.

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Fani Warraich

hello everybody. How are you doing?

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Fani Warraich Feeling Thoughtful

hello everybody. How are you doing?

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Fani Warraich Feeling Thoughtful about PPSC One Paper MCQs Test

hello everybody. How are you doing?

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Fani Warraich Feeling Thoughtful

Fitch has upgraded Pakistan's economic rating from Triple C to Triple C Plus, indicating an improved economy and reduced default risk due to the IMF program and other measures. The State Bank of Pakistan announced a new monetary policy, lowering the interest rate from 20.5% to 19.5%. The State Bank Governor reported increasing foreign exchange reserves, no import restrictions, and stable external payments. Inflation is expected to decrease to 11.5%-13.5% next year, and the trade deficit to be 0%-1%. Foreign investment is expected to rise, with foreign investors earning over 2 billion dollars this fiscal year. Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif welcomed the credit rating upgrade and new monetary policy, attributing them to effective government policies. He expects lower interest rates to reduce inflation and boost business activities. Fitch acknowledged improvements in Pakistan's tax system and governance but stressed the need for continued reforms. Despite the positive news, the government must address high inflation, poverty, and unemployment.

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Fani Warraich Feeling Thoughtful 💭

Aoa.

I hope you are doing great..

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Fani Warraich Feeling Thoughtful 💭

Arshad Nadeem, a shining star who brought glory to the country through his hard work, dedication, and continuous effort, made history at the Paris Olympics. This achievement doubled the joy of Pakistan's 77th Independence Day celebrations, and the entire nation showered him with praise and rewards. Messages from the President, Prime Minister, Army Chief, and other notable figures highlight that this is the path to global recognition, as demonstrated by Arshad Nadeem's outstanding success.

Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif hosted a reception at the Prime Minister's House in his honor, giving him the protocol of a state guest. The Prime Minister announced a reward of 150 million rupees, the Hilal-e-Imtiaz award, naming a road after him, and the establishment of the Arshad Nadeem High Performance Academy.

Chief Minister Punjab Maryam Nawaz visited Arshad Nadeem's home in Mian Channu, giving him a check of 100 million rupees and presenting the keys to a car numbered 92.97, matching his record throw distance.

In his speech at the reception, the Prime Minister stated that Arshad Nadeem's success is a shining example for everyone. By following this path, we can tackle the challenges facing our country. His success clearly shows that we should not be afraid of difficulties but face them with courage and determination.

The Prime Minister also emphasized the revival of hockey, cricket, and squash. There was a time when Pakistan was dominant in hockey and squash, and the world records set by Jahangir Khan and Jansher Khan still stand. We should not forget these legends on such occasions.

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Fani Warraich Feeling Thoughtful 💭 about CSS (Central Superior Service) Examination

Questions That Got Unexpected Answers That Will Blow Your Mind

Too many questions asked in multiple interviews but the question I found valuable which will open your mind and force you to think beyond just an academic interview are given below for your understanding.
Once an interviewer told the candidate that this is the last question, I am going to ask you
How many stars are there in the Universe?
According a mango man he can said there are uncountable stars but look at the answer below
Candidate answered:
Sir, there are 998765321 stars in the Universe…
Interviewer asked how can you be such sure about that numbers?
Candidate replied politely that, sir, as per your earlier statement you have already asked your last question. Thank you.
Then all the interviewer laughed and said well done.
In an another interview a question was asked that:-
How can you drop an egg on floor without breaking it?
According to a lay man answer can be like, it may be impossible to drop an egg on floor without breaking it because egg is most fragile
But look at the answer of a brilliant candidate, “It is very hard to break a concrete floor with egg.”
Lets take another question
Question: Bay of Bangal is in which state?
Lay man Answer: it is alongside of India, Malay peninsula and Bangladesh
Intellectual answer: Bay of Bangal is in liquid state..

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Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Management

What does "corporate governance" primarily focus on?

A. Ensuring high profit margins. B. Maximizing innovation in the company. C. Ensuring transparency and accountability in management. D. Minimizing operational costs.

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Explanation

Corporate governance is like having a set of rules for how a company is run to make sure everything is fair and transparent, especially for shareholders. It ensures that the people in charge don?t make decisions that harm the company or its owners.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Management

Which of the following is an example of a primary stakeholder in a company?

A. Competitors. B. Employees. C. The government. D. Media.

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Explanation

Primary stakeholders are like the main characters in a story. They are directly involved with the company and are affected by its success or failure, like employees, customers, and shareholders.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Management

What does "Kaizen" mean in the context of management?

A. Radical change. B. Continuous improvement. C. Quality over quantity. D. Reducing costs.

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Explanation

Kaizen is like taking baby steps toward becoming better every day. It?s the idea that small, consistent changes can lead to big improvements in the way things are done in a business.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Management

Which theory emphasizes that people are motivated by fairness in the workplace?

A. Maslow?s Hierarchy. B. Expectancy theory. C. Equity theory. D. Herzberg?s Two-Factor theory.

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Explanation

Equity theory is like being on a team where everyone expects to get the same slice of cake if they worked equally hard. If someone gets a bigger slice, others feel it?s unfair. This theory says people are motivated when they feel things are fair.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Management

What is the main difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?

A. Intrinsic motivation comes from internal satisfaction, extrinsic from external rewards. B. Intrinsic motivation comes from external rewards, extrinsic from internal satisfaction. C. Intrinsic motivation is for short-term goals, extrinsic for long-term goals. D. Intrinsic motivation applies to leaders, extrinsic to followers.

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Explanation

Intrinsic motivation is like feeling proud of yourself for doing a good job, even if no one else knows. Extrinsic motivation is like getting a sticker or a prize for completing your homework.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Management

Which of the following describes a transformational leader?

A. Focuses on maintaining the status quo. B. Encourages employees to think creatively and take risks. C. Gives clear and strict instructions. D. Delegates all responsibilities to employees.

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Explanation

A transformational leader is like a coach who motivates the team to dream big and take bold actions to improve. This type of leader inspires people to go beyond what they think they can do.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Management

The theory of "scientific management" was primarily developed by:

A. Max Weber. B. Peter Drucker. C. Frederick Taylor. D. Henri Fayol.

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Explanation

Scientific management is like a recipe that tells workers exactly what to do step-by-step. Frederick Taylor believed in making work as efficient as possible by studying how tasks were done and then giving clear instructions on how to do them better.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Management

Which type of organizational structure groups employees based on their specific job functions?

A. Matrix structure. B. Divisional structure. C. Functional structure. D. Flat structure.

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Explanation

In a functional structure, people are grouped by the job they do, like having all the teachers in one room and all the students in another. Each group focuses on one specific function, such as marketing or finance.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Management

What is the purpose of benchmarking in management?

A. Setting high standards for employees. B. Comparing organizational performance with competitors. C. Creating a budget for projects. D. Analyzing internal weaknesses.

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Explanation

Benchmarking is like a race where you see how fast you?re running compared to other racers. Companies do this to compare how well they are doing against competitors and identify areas for improvement.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Management

Which decision-making model assumes managers have all the information and can make logical, optimal decisions?

A. Satisficing model. B. Incremental model. C. Rational model. D. Intuition model.

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Explanation

The rational model is like trying to solve a puzzle with all the pieces in front of you. It assumes that managers know everything they need to know and can make the best possible decision. But in real life, this is rare!

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Management

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following is the highest level of need?

A. Safety needs. B. Physiological needs. C. Self-actualization. D. Esteem needs.

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Explanation

Self-actualization is like becoming the best version of yourself. It's when you?ve met all your basic needs (like food and safety) and can focus on being creative, solving problems, and reaching your full potential.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Management

Which leadership theory focuses on how leaders adapt their style based on the situation?

A. Trait theory. B. Contingency theory. C. Behavioral theory. D. Transformational theory.

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Explanation

Contingency theory is like a chameleon that changes color based on its surroundings. It means that there?s no one-size-fits-all way to lead. A good leader adjusts their style depending on the people they are leading and the situation they are in.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Management

What is the primary objective of financial management within an organization?

A. Maximizing employee satisfaction. B. Maximizing shareholder wealth. C. Minimizing costs. D. Maximizing product quality.

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Explanation

Financial management is like taking care of a piggy bank. Its main job is to make sure that the company?s money grows, so that shareholders (the people who own the company) are happy with their investment.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Management

Which of the following is NOT a function of human resource management?

A. Recruitment. B. Payroll processing. C. Employee performance appraisal. D. Creating company strategy.

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Explanation

Human resource management is like a big help desk for employees. It takes care of hiring, paying, and evaluating employees, but it doesn't usually create the overall company strategy. That?s something top management does.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Management

What does SWOT analysis stand for in strategic management?

A. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats. B. Strategy, Weakness, Operations, Tactics. C. Structure, Workforce, Organization, Targets. D. Strengths, Workforce, Objectives, Threats.

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Explanation

SWOT analysis is like a list of what you?re good at (strengths), where you need to improve (weaknesses), things that could help you (opportunities), and things that could hurt you (threats). It helps managers make smart decisions.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Management

Which of the following is a characteristic of a decentralized organization?

A. Decisions are made at the top level only. B. Decisions are pushed down to lower levels. C. There are no decisions made. D. All decisions are outsourced.

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Explanation

Decentralization is like a classroom where the teacher lets students make decisions about what activities to do. In management, this means giving lower-level managers and employees more power to make decisions, which can lead to faster and more flexible responses.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Management

What is the key difference between leadership and management?

A. Leadership focuses on day-to-day tasks. B. Leadership involves inspiring and motivating. C. Management is not involved in decision-making. D. Leadership involves controlling people.

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Explanation

A leader is like a cheerleader, encouraging everyone to do their best, while a manager is more like a coach who also handles logistics and makes sure things run smoothly. Both are important, but their roles are different.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Management

Which of the following best describes the concept of "span of control"?

A. The number of managers in an organization. B. The number of employees a manager supervises. C. The total revenue under a manager's control. D. The level of influence a manager has.

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Explanation

Span of control is like the number of kids a babysitter looks after. If there are too many kids, it?s harder to give them individual attention. A manager?s span of control is the number of employees they are directly responsible for.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Management

Which management style focuses on close supervision and clear directions from the manager?

A. Autocratic. B. Democratic. C. Laissez-faire. D. Transformational.

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Explanation

An autocratic manager is like a strict teacher who tells everyone exactly what to do and doesn?t ask for input. This style gives clear orders but doesn?t allow much flexibility or creativity from the team.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Management

What is the primary function of management in an organization?

A. Planning. B. Leading. C. Organizing. D. Controlling.

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Explanation

Planning is like deciding where you want to go on a trip and how you're going to get there. It's the starting point in management, setting goals and strategies for the organization to follow.

Fani Warraich GENERAL KNOWLEDGE - Pakistan Studies

No person shall be appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court of Pakistan unless they have served as a High Court judge for a minimum of:

A. Five years. B. Seven years. C. Nine years. D. Fifteen years.

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Explanation

The Constitution of Pakistan mandates that a judge must have at least five years of experience in a High Court to be eligible for appointment to the Supreme Court.

Fani Warraich GENERAL KNOWLEDGE - Pakistan Studies

Who was the Prime Minister of India during the Tashkent Agreement?

A. Lal Bahadur Shastri. B. Indira Gandhi. C. Rajiv Gandhi. D. None of these.

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Explanation

Lal Bahadur Shastri was the Prime Minister of India at the time of the Tashkent Agreement in 1966, which was signed to end the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.

Fani Warraich GENERAL KNOWLEDGE - Pakistan Studies

The boundary demarcation agreement between Pakistan and China was concluded in the year:

A. 1961. B. 1962. C. 1963. D. 1964.

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Explanation

The boundary agreement between Pakistan and China, concluded in 1963, established the border between the two countries, strengthening their bilateral relationship.

Fani Warraich GENERAL KNOWLEDGE - Pakistan Studies

The shrine of Shah Abdul Latif (??) is located in which district?

A. Hyderabad. B. Matiari. C. Dadu. D. Thatta.

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Explanation

The shrine of the revered Sufi poet Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai is located in Bhit Shah, Matiari District, Sindh, and is a site of cultural and religious significance in Pakistan.

Fani Warraich GENERAL KNOWLEDGE - Pakistan Studies

The name of the first Pakistani aircraft is:

A. JF-17 Thunder. B. JF-8 Thunder. C. JF-9 Thunder. D. JF-11 Thunder.

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Explanation

The JF-17 Thunder is the first multi-role combat aircraft developed jointly by Pakistan and China, marking a significant milestone in Pakistan's defense capabilities.

Fani Warraich GENERAL KNOWLEDGE - Pakistan Studies

The first country where Pakistan opened its embassy was:

A. China. B. Afghanistan. C. Iran. D. India.

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Explanation

Pakistan established its first embassy in Iran shortly after gaining independence, signifying the strong bilateral relations between the two neighboring countries.

Fani Warraich GENERAL KNOWLEDGE - Pakistan Current Affairs

Operation "Swift Resort" was launched by:

A. USA against Afghanistan. B. Pakistan against India. C. India against Pakistan. D. None of these.

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Explanation

Operation ?Swift Resort? was a military response by Pakistan in 2019 following India's Balakot airstrike, reflecting the tense relations between the two countries.

Fani Warraich ECONOMICS - Macroeconomics

Economic recession is defined as reduced economic activities and employment levels for at least:

A. Two consecutive quarters. B. One year. C. 5 years. D. None of these.

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Explanation

An economic recession is typically defined as two consecutive quarters of negative GDP growth, leading to reduced economic activity and higher unemployment.

Fani Warraich ECONOMICS - Macroeconomics

In Pakistan, investment as a percentage of GDP is lower than:

A. India. B. China. C. Bangladesh. D. All of these.

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Explanation

Pakistan's investment as a percentage of GDP is lower compared to India, China, and Bangladesh, indicating challenges in attracting investment.

Fani Warraich ECONOMICS - Macroeconomics

GNP measures:

A. Total production of nation. B. Total income of a nation. C. Total wealth of a nation. D. Both (A) and (B).

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Explanation

Gross National Product (GNP) measures the total production and income of a nation, including income earned abroad by its residents.

Fani Warraich ECONOMICS - Macroeconomics

Fiscal and monetary policies are used to:

A. Improve markets. B. Stabilize the economy. C. Improve trade deficit. D. None of these.

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Explanation

Fiscal and monetary policies are primarily used to stabilize the economy by managing demand and controlling inflation.

Fani Warraich ECONOMICS - Macroeconomics

Quantity theory of money states that when the quantity of money increases, the value of money:

A. Increases. B. Declines. C. Remains the same. D. None of these.

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Explanation

According to the quantity theory of money, an increase in the money supply leads to a proportional decrease in the value of money, leading to inflation.

Fani Warraich ECONOMICS - Macroeconomics

The monetary policy tools are used for:

A. Price stability. B. Financial stability. C. Economic growth. D. All of these.

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Explanation

Monetary policy tools are used by central banks to achieve multiple objectives, including price stability, financial stability, and economic growth.

Fani Warraich ECONOMICS - Macroeconomics

GDP measures ?all goods and services _________________________ produced in a given year?.

A. Domestically. B. Nationally. C. Excluding exports and imports. D. None of these.

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Explanation

GDP measures the total market value of all goods and services produced within a country's borders in a given year.

Fani Warraich ECONOMICS - Macroeconomics

Okun?s Law defines the relationship between:

A. Unemployment and Inflation. B. Inflation and Economic growth. C. Unemployment and GDP growth. D. None of these.

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Explanation

Okun's Law states that there is an inverse relationship between unemployment and GDP growth, with higher growth reducing unemployment.

Fani Warraich ECONOMICS - Macroeconomics

Core inflation measures:

A. CPI based inflation. B. GDP Deflator inflation. C. WPI inflation. D. None of these.

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Explanation

Core inflation typically excludes volatile items such as food and energy, focusing on the CPI to measure underlying inflation trends.

Fani Warraich ECONOMICS - International Trade

A. Asian Development Bank. B. International Monetary Fund. C. China Development Bank. D. World Bank.

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Explanation

Fani Warraich ECONOMICS - Economy of Pakistan

According to the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS), what is the estimated growth rate of Pakistan's GDP in the fiscal year 2022-23?

A. 3.5%. B. 4.2%. C. 5.1%. D. 6.3%.

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Fani Warraich ECONOMICS - Economy of Pakistan

What is the name of the flagship program launched by the Government of Pakistan in 2022 to provide subsidized loans to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)?

A. Kamyab Jawan Program. B. Ehsaas Program. C. Naya Pakistan Qarza Scheme. D. Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif Youth Business Loan.

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Fani Warraich ECONOMICS - Economy of Pakistan

Which of the following industries is the largest contributor to Pakistan's exports, accounting for approximately 60% of total exports?

A. Textile. B. Food Processing. C. Pharmaceutical. D. Automotive.

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Fani Warraich ECONOMICS - Economy of Pakistan

A. اسلم خان. B. جواز یار. C. چاہت خان. D. دل جان.

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Explanation

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Marketing

Which of the following marketing channels involves using opinion leaders to promote products or services to their followers?

A. Word-of-Mouth Marketing. B. Social Media Marketing. C. Influencer Marketing. D. Content Marketing.

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Explanation

Influencer marketing involves partnering with influencers or opinion leaders to promote products or services to their followers. This can be an effective way to reach new audiences and build brand credibility.

Fani Warraich

❤

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Marketing

Which of the following marketing strategies involves creating a unique and memorable brand identity to differentiate a product or service from competitors?

A. Positioning. B. Branding. C. Targeting . D. Segmentation.

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Explanation

Branding involves creating a unique and memorable brand identity to differentiate a product or service from competitors. This includes elements such as logos, taglines, and brand messaging.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Marketing

Which of the following marketing metrics measures the return on investment (ROI) of a marketing campaign by comparing the revenue generated to the cost of the campaign?

A. Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC). B. Customer Retention Rate (CRR). C. Return on Ad Spend (ROAS). D. Marketing Return on Investment (MROI).

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Explanation

Marketing Return on Investment (MROI) is a key metric that helps marketers evaluate the effectiveness of their campaigns. It calculates the return on investment by comparing revenue generated to campaign costs.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Marketing

Which of the following consumer behavior models suggests that consumers go through a process of need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase, and post-purchase evaluation?

A. Hierarchy of Needs. B. Consumer Decision-Making Process. C. Theory of Reasoned Action. D. Maslow's Hierarchy of Motivation.

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Explanation

The Consumer Decision-Making Process is a widely accepted model that describes the stages consumers go through when making purchasing decisions. It helps marketers understand consumer behavior and develop effective marketing strategies.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Marketing

Which of the following marketing strategies involves creating a series of small, incremental product improvements to maintain customer interest and loyalty?

A. Brand Revitalization. B. Disruptive Innovation. C. Continuous Innovation. D. Product Line Extension.

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Explanation

Continuous innovation involves making small, incremental improvements to existing products to maintain customer interest and loyalty. This strategy is often used by companies to stay ahead of competitors and keep customers engaged.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Corporate Finance

What is the main advantage of using debt financing over equity financing?

A. Reduced financial leverage. B. Reduced financial risk. C. Increased financial leverage. D. Increased financial risk.

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Explanation

Debt financing provides financial leverage, which means that a company can generate higher returns on equity by using debt to finance its operations. This is because debt is a cheaper source of financing compared to equity, and interest on debt is tax deductible.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Corporate Finance

A company has a beta of 1.2 and the market return is 10%. What is the company's cost of equity using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)?

A. 12.4%. B. 11.2%. C. 13.2%. D. 10.4%.

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Explanation

CAPM = Risk-Free Rate + Beta x (Market Return - Risk-Free Rate) Assuming a risk-free rate of 5%, the company's cost of equity is: = 5% + 1.2 x (10% - 5%) = 5% + 1.2 x 5% = 5% + 6% = 12.4%

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Corporate Finance

Which of the following capital budgeting techniques takes into account the time value of money?

A. Payback Period. B. Net Present Value. C. Net Present Value. D. Average run rate.

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Explanation

Net Present Value (NPV) takes into account the time value of money by discounting future cash flows to their present value using a discount rate. The other options do not consider the time value of money.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Corporate Finance

A project has an initial investment of Rs. 100,000 and is expected to generate cash flows of Rs. 30,000 per year for 5 years. What is the project's payback period?

A. 3.67 years. B. 4.17 years. C. 5.00 years. D. 3.33 years.

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Explanation

Payback Period = Initial Investment / Annual Cash Flow = 100,000 / 30,000 = 3.33 years (but this option is not available, so the closest answer is c) 4.17 years)

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Corporate Finance

A company has a debt-to-equity ratio of 2:1 and a cost of debt of 6%. If the tax rate is 30% and the cost of equity is 12%, what is the company's weighted average cost of capital (WACC)?

A. 10.1%. B. 8.4%. C. 9.2%. D. None of the above.

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Explanation

WACC = (Cost of Debt x Debt Proportion) + (Cost of Equity x Equity Proportion) = (6% x 2/3) + (12% x 1/3) = 4% + 4% = 8% But since interest on debt is tax deductible, the effective cost of debt is 6% x (1 - 0.30) = 4.2% So, WACC = (4.2% x 2/3) + (12% x 1/3) = 10.1%

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Corporate Finance

Company X is considering acquiring Company Y. Synergies from the M&A are expected to arise from combining their sales forces. However, significant integration costs are also anticipated. How should these factors be best considered when evaluating the M&A?

A. Focus solely on the cost savings from combining sales forces to assess synergy benefits.. B. Conduct a comprehensive analysis that considers both the synergy benefits and the integration costs.. C. Ignore the integration costs if the projected cost savings from sales force consolidation are high.. D. Synergies from M&A only arise from cost savings, not revenue enhancements..

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Explanation

A successful M&A requires a thorough analysis of both synergies (b) and integration costs. While combining sales forces could lead to cost savings, the integration process itself can be expensive. Ignoring these costs can lead to an overestimation of the M&A's overall value.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Corporate Finance

A company with strong future growth prospects unexpectedly announces a significant increase in its dividend payout. According to signaling theory, what might this decision signal to investors?

A. The company's management is confident about future profitability and cash flow generation.. B. The increased dividend payout is unrelated to the company's future prospects.. C. The company is experiencing short-term financial difficulties and needs to attract cash.. D. None of the above.

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Explanation

Signaling theory suggests an unexpected dividend increase might signal strong future prospects and excess cash flow (b), leading to a potential increase in the stock price.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Corporate Finance

Company A has a debt-to-equity ratio of 0.5, while Company B has a ratio of 2.0. Which company is likely to have a higher weighted average cost of capital (WACC)?

A. Both companies will have the same WACC if their equity risk premium is equal.. B. Company B, due to the increased financial risk associated with higher leverage. . C. Company A, as it relies more on equity financing, which is typically more expensive.. D. The answer depends on the current interest rates for debt and equity financing..

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Explanation

Increased leverage (b) raises the risk profile, potentially leading to a higher cost of debt and a higher overall WACC.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Corporate Finance

A company is evaluating a project with a positive NPV (Net Present Value) but significant upfront investment. The project also has the flexibility to be abandoned after year 2 if market conditions worsen. How can this flexibility be best incorporated into the capital budgeting decision?

A. Increase the discount rate to account for the project's risk.. B. Conduct a real options analysis to assess the value of the abandonment option. . C. Ignore the flexibility; a positive NPV justifies the project regardless.. D. Use the IRR (Internal Rate of Return) instead of NPV, as it considers the time value of money..

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Explanation

While IRR considers time value of money, it doesn't explicitly account for flexibility. Ignoring the abandonment option (b) undervalues the project's potential. Real options analysis (c) recognizes the value of abandoning the project if market conditions deteriorate.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Cost & Management Accounting

What is the effect on COGS if the opening inventory is overvalued?

A. COGS remains the same. B. COGS is understated. C. COGS is overstated. D. COGS is not affected.

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Explanation

If the opening inventory is overvalued, it means that the cost of goods already produced is higher than the actual cost. As a result, the COGS will be lower than the actual cost, making it understated.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Cost & Management Accounting

A company has two products, A and B. The cost of producing one unit of A is Rs. 100, and the cost of producing one unit of B is Rs. 150. If the company sells 100 units of A and 50 units of B during a period, what is the total COGS?

A. 20,000. B. 22,000. C. 30,000. D. 40,000.

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Explanation

COGS = (Units sold x Cost per unit) = (100 x 100) + (50 x 150) = 10,000 + 7,500 = 17,500 (but this option is not available, so the closest answer is c) Rs. 20,000)

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Cost & Management Accounting

A company has the following costs: Direct Materials: Rs. 100,000 Direct Labor: Rs. 150,000 Overheads: Rs. 50,000 (25% of which is fixed) Opening Inventory: Rs. 20,000 Closing Inventory: Rs. 30,000 What is the COGS?

A. 250,000. B. 240,000. C. 260,000. D. None of the above.

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Explanation

COGS = Opening Inventory + (Direct Materials + Direct Labor + Overheads) - Closing Inventory = 20,000 + (100,000 + 150,000 + 50,000) - 30,000 = 20,000 + 300,000 - 30,000 = 290,000 - 30,000 = 240,000

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Cost & Management Accounting

What is the primary purpose of calculating the Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)?

A. To determine the cost of producing goods. B. To determine the selling price of goods. C. To determine the profit margin of goods sold. D. To determine the value of inventory.

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Explanation

COGS is calculated to determine the cost of goods sold during a period, which is then used to calculate the profit margin (Gross Profit = Sales - COGS). This helps management evaluate the profitability of their products and make informed decisions.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Financial Accounting

A company pays rent for a full year upfront on January 1st for $12,000. How should this transaction be recorded in the journals?

A. Debit Rent Expense $12,000, Credit Cash $12,000.. B. Debit Prepaid Rent $12,000, Credit Cash $12,000.. C. Debit Rent Expense $1,000 (monthly rent), Credit Cash $1,000 (recorded monthly for 12 months).. D. The recording depends on the company's accounting policy for prepaid expenses..

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Explanation

Since the rent benefits the entire year, it's treated as a prepaid expense (b). Option (c) wouldn't capture the full cost upfront. The answer depends on the company's policy (d) for handling prepaid expenses. Some companies might choose to record monthly rent expense based on an accrual basis.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Financial Accounting

A company has a trial balance that balances perfectly. Does this guarantee the absence of errors in the journals and general ledger?

A. It depends on the type of error; some might not affect the trial balance.. B. Yes, a balanced trial balance confirms no errors.. C. No, errors can still exist and cancel each other out.. D. The trial balance doesn't provide any information about journal errors..

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Explanation

A balanced trial balance (a) only indicates equal total debits and credits. Transposition errors (e.g., $125 instead of $251) or recording an expense as an asset with the same amount wouldn't affect the balance (b).

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Financial Accounting

Company A uses a single general journal for all transactions, while Company B utilizes a sales journal and a purchases journal. Which company is likely to be more efficient in recording transactions?

A. Company A, as it simplifies the recording process.. B. It depends on the transaction volume; neither has an inherent advantage.. C. Company B, as special journals improve efficiency.. D. Both companies will have the same level of efficiency..

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Explanation

Special journals like sales and purchases journals (b) group similar transactions, reducing repetitive entries and saving time. This is particularly beneficial for companies with high transaction volumes.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Financial Accounting

A company mistakenly recorded a purchase of inventory for $10,000 as an expense. How can a strong internal control system help identify this error most effectively?

A. Segregation of duties between purchasing and accounting departments is crucial.. B. Daily bank reconciliations will highlight the discrepancy.. C. Reviewing general ledger accounts for unusual activity is sufficient.. D. Both (a) and (b) are correct..

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Explanation

egregation of duties (b) ensures the purchasing department raises a purchase order, which the accounting department uses to record the inventory purchase. This prevents the accidental recording of the purchase as an expense. While bank reconciliations (a) and general ledger reviews (d) are important controls, they might not catch this specific error.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Financial Accounting

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the relationship between the chronological journal and the general journal?

A. The chronological journal records transactions in the order they occur.. B. Transactions are first recorded in the chronological journal before being posted to the general ledger. pen_spark. C. The general journal provides a detailed explanation for each transaction.. D. Both journals are essential for maintaining a complete record of financial activities..

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Explanation

While the chronological journal captures transactions in real-time, it's not a mandatory step. Transactions can be directly recorded in the general journal with proper explanations.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Audit & Assurance

What is the primary purpose of issuing an auditor's report?

A. To express an opinion on the fairness of the financial statements. B. To provide recommendations for improving internal controls. C. To communicate findings from audit procedures to management. D. To assess the effectiveness of risk management practices.

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Explanation

The primary purpose of an auditor's report is to provide stakeholders with the auditor's opinion on whether the financial statements are presented fairly, in all material respects, in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Audit & Assurance

Which of the following types of audit evidence is generally considered the most reliable?

A. Oral representations made by management. B. Documentary evidence obtained from independent third parties. C. Internal memos prepared by the client's staff. D. Electronic records maintained by the client's IT department.

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Explanation

Documentary evidence obtained from independent third parties is often considered the most reliable form of audit evidence due to its objectivity and reliability.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Audit & Assurance

Which of the following best describes the purpose of analytical procedures in an audit engagement?

A. Confirming the existence of specific assets with third parties. B. Testing the effectiveness of internal controls. C. Evaluating compliance with regulatory requirements. D. Identifying unusual or unexpected fluctuations in account balances.

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Explanation

Analytical procedures involve comparing financial information with expectations derived from other sources to identify areas that may require further investigation.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Audit & Assurance

In the context of audit sampling, what is meant by the term "sampling risk"?

A. The risk that the sample selected may not be representative of the population. B. The risk that the auditor may fail to detect material misstatements in the financial statements. C. The risk that the auditor's procedures may not be performed effectively. D. The risk that the auditor may not maintain independence and objectivity.

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Explanation

Sampling risk arises from the possibility that the sample selected for testing may not accurately represent the characteristics of the entire population.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Audit & Assurance

Which of the following audit procedures is designed to test the existence and completeness assertion for inventory?

A. Confirmation with suppliers. B. Inquiry with management. C. Observation of physical inventory count. D. Analytical procedures.

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Explanation

Observing the physical inventory count is a substantive procedure commonly used to test the existence and completeness of inventory.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Audit & Assurance

Which of the following would NOT be considered a control deficiency in internal controls?

A. Lack of segregation of duties. B. Inadequate documentation of procedures. C. Existence of related-party transactions. D. Ineffective monitoring of controls.

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Explanation

Related-party transactions may or may not represent control deficiencies, depending on their nature and the adequacy of disclosure in the financial statements.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Audit & Assurance

Which of the following types of audit opinion indicates that the financial statements are free from material misstatement?

A. Adverse opinion. B. Qualified opinion. C. Unqualified opinion. D. Unqualified opinion.

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Explanation

An unqualified opinion, also known as a clean opinion, indicates that the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows of the entity.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Audit & Assurance

Which of the following sampling methods is commonly used in audit testing to select items for examination?

A. Convenience sampling. B. Stratified sampling. C. Judgmental sampling. D. Judgmental sampling.

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Explanation

Stratified sampling involves dividing the population into subgroups and then selecting samples from each subgroup, ensuring representation across different characteristics.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Audit & Assurance

Which of the following is a key responsibility of the auditor during the planning phase of an audit engagement?

A. Issuing an audit opinion on the financial statements. B. Communicating audit findings to management. C. Identifying areas of potential risk of material misstatement. D. Testing internal controls to detect fraud.

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Explanation

During the planning phase, auditors assess the risks of material misstatement in the financial statements and develop an audit strategy to address those risks.

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Audit & Assurance

Which of the following best describes the primary objective of an external audit?

A. Detecting and preventing fraud within the organization. B. Providing assurance on the reliability of financial statements. C. Evaluating the efficiency of internal control systems. D. Advising management on business strategiesb.

A. 3:4. B. 4:3. C. 2:3. D. 3:2.

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Explanation

Let the side length of the equilateral triangle be x and the side length of the square be y. Since they have the same perimeter, we know that: 3x=4y Dividing both sides by 3, we get: x= 4/3(y) Therefore, the ratio of the side lengths of the equilateral triangle to the side lengths of the square is 4:3.

Fani Warraich IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY - Quantitative Reasoning

In a certain cake, two straight cuts (made along two different radii) succeed in removing 4/15 of the total cake. What is the central angle in degrees of the piece cut?

A. 106. B. 96. C. 86. D. 76.

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Fani Warraich IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY - Quantitative Reasoning

The average of five numbers is 34. If three of the numbers are 28, 30 and 32, what is the average of the other two?

A. 20. B. 30. C. 40. D. 50.

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Fani Warraich IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY - Quantitative Reasoning

Two integers have a sum of 42 and a difference of 22. The greater of the two integers is

A. 22. B. 32. C. 42. D. 52.

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Fani Warraich IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY - Quantitative Reasoning

Each of Tom's buckets has a capacity of 11 gallons, while each of Henry's buckets can hold 8 gallons. How much more water in gallons can 7 of Tom's bucket's hold compared to 7 of Henry's buckets?

A. 19. B. 20. C. 21. D. 22.

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Fani Warraich

Good

Fani Warraich

Fani Warraich IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY - Quantitative Reasoning

The average age of a class is 15.8 years. The average age of the boys in the class is 16.4 years and that of the girls is 15.4 years. What is the ratio of boys to girls in the class ?

A. 3:2. B. 1:3. C. 2:3. D. None of these.

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Fani Warraich IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY - Quantitative Reasoning

A. Smile : amusement. B. face : expression. C. impatience : rebellion. D. impatience : rebellion.

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Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Cost & Management Accounting

Which of the fallowing accounts would not be included in the computation of the cost of goods sold

A. Purchases. B. Freight in. C. Purchase discount lost. D. Purchase discount.

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Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Public Finance

With reference to the “G20 Common Framework”, consider the following statements. 1. It is an initiative endorsed by the G20 together with the Paris Club. 2. It is an initiative to support Low Income Countries with unsustainable debt. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 1 only. B. 2 only. C. Both 1 and 2. D. None of these.

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Fani Warraich MATHEMATICS - Discrete Mathematics

If p= It is raining q = She will go to college. "It is raining and she will not go to college” will be denoted by

A. p ^ q. B. p ^ ~ q. C. All of these. D. None of these.

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Fani Warraich IQ APTITUDE & ABILITY - Quantitative Reasoning

A cylindrical container has a diameter of 14 inches and a height of 6 inches. Since one gallon equals 231 cubic inches, the capacity of the tank is approximately

A. 2-2/7 gallons. B. 3-3/4. C. 4 gallons. D. None of these.

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Explanation

The capacity of the tank is given by πr^2h = π(7^2)(6) = 923.628 cubic inches Since 1 gallon is equal to 231 cubic inches, the capacity of the tank in gallons is 923.628 / 231 = 3.998 gallons Which is approximately 4 gallons. So the answer is B.

Fani Warraich

4 gallons is the correct

Fani Warraich ECONOMICS - Macroeconomics

Until the First World War, the prices

A. Showed a procyclical trend. B. fluctuated up and down with high magnitudes but no trend. C. Showed a countercyclical trend. D. Trendless.

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Explanation

The price-level was balanced over long periods of 20-50 years.

Fani Warraich ECONOMICS - Macroeconomics

Macroeconomics distinguishes between the real economy and the

A. Black economy. B. Monetary economy. C. Virtual economy. D. Normative economy.

Fani Warraich

xcxcb

Janib Khan

Right

Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Financial Accounting

NGOs are legally required to

A. Prepare accounts in a prescribed manner under the law. B. Prepare accounts as desired by donors. C. None of these. D. All of these.

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Farid Uddin

A. Under the Banking Companies Ordinance, 1962. B. Under the Companies Ordinance, 2017. C. Under the Companies Ordinance, 2017. D. A & B above.

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Break Even can be calculated as under

A. FC I- VC TR. B. ______VC_______ FC - TR TC. C. All of these. D. None of these.

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Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Cost & Management Accounting

Flexible budget is a budget with the following features

A. Changes with variable expenses. B. Changes with fixed expenses. C. Changes with volume of production. D. Remains the same.

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Fani Warraich MANAGEMENT SCIENCES - Financial Accounting

In Insurance, the following Profit and Loss Accounts are prepared

A. Consolidated for Fire, Marine, and Accidents etc.. B. Separate for Fire, Marine, and Accidents etc. C. Partially consolidated for Governments. D. None of these.

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