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shahzaib hassan
PSYCHOLOGY
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Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior
In the context of learning, what is "shaping"?
A. Reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior.
B. Pairing an unconditioned stimulus with a neutral stimulus.
C. Punishing unwanted behavior.
D. Using reinforcement intermittently.
shahzaib hassan
PSYCHOLOGY
-
Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior
Which term refers to the belief that one?s culture is superior to others?
A. Cultural relativism.
B. Ethnocentrism.
C. Social Darwinism.
D. Cultural assimilation.
shahzaib hassan
PSYCHOLOGY
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Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior
Which of the following is NOT part of the limbic system?
A. Hippocampus.
B. Amygdala.
C. Medulla oblongata.
D. Hypothalamus.
shahzaib hassan
PSYCHOLOGY
-
Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior
What type of reinforcement schedule provides reinforcement after an unpredictable number of responses?
A. Fixed-ratio schedule.
B. Variable-ratio schedule.
C. Fixed-interval schedule.
D. Variable-interval schedule.
shahzaib hassan
PSYCHOLOGY
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Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior
In Maslow?s hierarchy of needs, which type of need must be fulfilled before an individual can focus on self-actualization?
A. Esteem needs.
B. Physiological needs.
C. Love and belonging needs.
D. Cognitive needs.
shahzaib hassan
PSYCHOLOGY
-
Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior
In attribution theory, what is the tendency to underestimate situational factors and overestimate personal traits when explaining others' behavior?
A. Actor-observer bias.
B. Fundamental attribution error.
C. Self-serving bias.
D. Just-world hypothesis.
shahzaib hassan
PSYCHOLOGY
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Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior
Which hormone is responsible for the fight-or-flight response during stress?
A. Insulin.
B. Oxytocin.
C. Cortisol.
D. Melatonin.
shahzaib hassan
PSYCHOLOGY
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Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior
According to Erikson, what is the primary psychosocial conflict faced during young adulthood?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust.
B. Identity vs. Role Confusion.
C. Intimacy vs. Isolation.
D. Generativity vs. Stagnation.
shahzaib hassan
PSYCHOLOGY
-
Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior
In which stage of Piaget?s cognitive development do children begin to think logically about concrete events, but struggle with abstract concepts?
A. Sensorimotor stage.
B. Preoperational stage.
C. Concrete operational stage.
D. Formal operational stage.
shahzaib hassan
PSYCHOLOGY
-
Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior
What term describes the mental shortcut we use when making quick judgments based on how easily examples come to mind?
A. Representativeness heuristic.
B. Availability heuristic.
C. Confirmation bias.
D. Anchoring bias.
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