KRLMPCA KCET - Karnataka Religious and Linguistic Minority Professional Colleges Association Common Entrance Test

Karnataka Examination Authority (KEA)

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Fani Warraich CHEMISTRY   -   Biochemistry

DNA model was presented by Watson and Crick in

Fani Warraich CHEMISTRY   -   Biochemistry

The "energy carrier" ATP is an example of a(n)

Fani Warraich CHEMISTRY   -   Biochemistry

S-adenosyl methionine is a group donor of

Fani Warraich CHEMISTRY   -   Biochemistry

When DNA is heated, the temperature at which ________ of the helical structure is lost is defined as the melting temperature.

Fani Warraich CHEMISTRY   -   Biochemistry

Nucleotides also serve as carriers of activated intermediates in the synthesis of

Fani Warraich MATHEMATICS   -   Calculus

The solution set of the inequality |x + 4| ≥ 2 is

Fani Warraich MATHEMATICS   -   Algebra

Solve the equation 2/6 (3a + 2b) – 1/2 (2a + 4b) -2(12a – 6b)?

Shalisha Ladawn PHYSICS   -   Classical Mechanics

Electric displacement current through a surface S is by definition proportional to the

Shalisha Ladawn PHYSICS   -   Classical Mechanics

Classical mechanics explains how _______ moves.

Fani Warraich MATHEMATICS   -   Discrete Mathematics

If p= It is raining q = She will go to college. "It is raining and she will not go to college” will be denoted by

Bashir Farooqi MATHEMATICS   -   Discrete Mathematics

The negation of “Today is Friday” is

Bashir Farooqi MATHEMATICS   -   Discrete Mathematics

Contra-positive of given statement “If it is raining, I will take an umbrella” is

Bashir Farooqi MATHEMATICS   -   Discrete Mathematics

A statement is also referred to as a

Bashir Farooqi MATHEMATICS   -   Discrete Mathematics

The statement ~ (~ ) p = p Describes

Bashir Farooqi MATHEMATICS   -   Discrete Mathematics

An arrangement of rows and columns that specifies the truth value of a compound proposition for all possible truth values of its constituent propositions is called

Bashir Farooqi MATHEMATICS   -   Discrete Mathematics

An argument is _____ if the conclusion is true when all the premises are true.

Bashir Farooqi MATHEMATICS   -   Discrete Mathematics

The row in the truth table of an argument where all premises are true is called

Fani Warraich PHYSICS   -   Electromagnetism

The Net Magnetic flux from any closed surface is

This is because the net magnetic flux through any closed surface is always zero. This is known as Gauss's law for magnetism. It is a consequence of the fact that there are no magnetic monopoles, meaning that magnetic field lines always form closed loops.
Gitofa Shah PHYSICS   -   Thermodynamics

A heat engine operates between two reservoirs at temperatures T1 and T2, with T1 > T2. What is the maximum efficiency of the engine?

The maximum efficiency of a heat engine is given by the Carnot efficiency, which is 1 - (T2 / T1), where T1 is the temperature of the hot reservoir and T2 is the temperature of the cold reservoir.
Gitofa Shah PHYSICS   -   Thermodynamics

A system undergoes a reversible isothermal expansion from volume V1 to V2. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

In a reversible isothermal process, the temperature remains constant, and the change in internal energy is zero, ΔU = 0.
Gitofa Shah PHYSICS   -   Thermodynamics

What is the name of the process by which a system transitions from a metastable state to a stable state with a decrease in free energy?

Nucleation is the process by which a system transitions from a metastable state to a stable state with a decrease in free energy, often accompanied by the formation of a new phase.
Gitofa Shah PHYSICS   -   Thermodynamics

A gas is compressed adiabatically from pressure P1 to P2. What is the change in temperature of the gas?

In an adiabatic compression, the temperature of the gas increases according to the relation T2 = T1 * (P2 / P1)^(γ - 1), where γ is the adiabatic index.
Gitofa Shah PHYSICS   -   Thermodynamics

What is the name of the thermodynamic potential that describes a system at constant pressure and temperature?

The Gibbs free energy is a thermodynamic potential that describes a system at constant pressure and temperature, and is defined as G = H - TS, where H is the enthalpy and S is the entropy.
Gitofa Shah PHYSICS   -   Electromagnetism

A charged particle moves with a velocity v = 0.6c in a region with a uniform magnetic field B = 2T. What is the magnitude of the force experienced by the particle if its charge is q = 3 × 10^(-6) C?

The force experienced by a charged particle in a magnetic field is given by F = qvB sin(θ), where θ is the angle between the velocity and magnetic field vectors. In this case, since the velocity and magnetic field are perpendicular, sin(θ) = 1, and F = qvB = 3 × 10^(-6) C × 0.6 × 3 × 10^8 m/s × 2 T = 3.6 × 10^(-2) N.
Gitofa Shah PHYSICS   -   Electromagnetism

A parallel-plate capacitor has a capacitance C = 5 μF and is charged to a voltage V = 12 V. If the plates are separated by a distance d = 2 mm, what is the energy density of the electric field between the plates?

The energy density of the electric field between the plates is given by u = (1/2)ε₀E^2, where ε₀ is the permittivity of free space and E is the electric field strength. The electric field strength is given by E = V/d = 12 V / 2 × 10^(-3) m = 6 × 10^3 V/m. Substituting this value, we get u = (1/2) × 8.85 × 10^(-12) C^2/Nm^2 × (6 × 10^3 V/m)^2 = 1.8 × 10^5 J/m^3.
Gitofa Shah PHYSICS   -   Electromagnetism

A coil of 500 turns and cross-sectional area A = 0.02 m^2 is placed in a region with a uniform magnetic field B = 0.1 T. If the coil is rotated at a constant angular velocity ω = 20 rad/s, what is the maximum emf induced in the coil?

The maximum emf induced in the coil is given by ε = N × (dΦ/dt), where N is the number of turns, Φ is the magnetic flux, and d/dt is the derivative with respect to time. The magnetic flux is given by Φ = B × A × cos(ωt), where ω is the angular velocity and t is time. Substituting the values, we get ε = 500 × (0.1 T × 0.02 m^2 × cos(20 rad/s × t))/dt = 6.28 V.
Gitofa Shah PHYSICS   -   Electromagnetism

A beam of light with a wavelength λ = 500 nm is incident on a diffraction grating with 5000 lines per meter. What is the angular separation between the first-order maxima?

The angular separation between the first-order maxima is given by Δθ = λ/d, where d is the grating spacing. The grating spacing is given by d = 1/5000 m = 2 × 10^(-4) m. Substituting the values, we get Δθ = 500 × 10^(-9) m / 2 × 10^(-4) m = 0.1 rad
Malen Bara CHEMISTRY   -   Organic Chemistry

Which of the following statements about the bonding in ethyne (acetylene, C2H2) is correct?

In ethyne, each carbon atom is sp hybridized, forming a linear molecule with a bond angle of 180 degrees. The carbon atoms are connected by a triple bond consisting of one sigma bond and two pi bonds.
Malen Bara CHEMISTRY   -   Organic Chemistry

Which of the following functional groups can act as both an acid and a base?

Amines contain a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons, which allows them to act as a base by accepting a proton. They can also act as weak acids by donating a proton from the hydrogen atoms attached to the nitrogen, although this is less common compared to their basicity.
Malen Bara CHEMISTRY   -   Organic Chemistry

Which of the following compounds is chiral?

2-Butanol has a carbon atom (the second carbon) attached to four different groups: a hydroxyl group (-OH), a methyl group (-CH3), an ethyl group (-CH2CH3), and a hydrogen atom. This makes it chiral, possessing non-superimposable mirror images (enantiomers).
Malen Bara CHEMISTRY   -   Organic Chemistry

In which of the following reactions does the formation of a carbocation intermediate occur?

The SN1 reaction mechanism involves two steps. The first step is the dissociation of the leaving group, leading to the formation of a carbocation intermediate. This carbocation then reacts with a nucleophile in the second step.
Malen Bara CHEMISTRY   -   Organic Chemistry

What is the first step in the retrosynthetic analysis of 1-bromo-2-phenylethane?

Retrosynthetic analysis involves breaking down the target molecule into simpler precursor structures. For 1-bromo-2-phenylethane, identifying how the phenyl group is attached to the ethane chain is crucial for determining the precursor molecules. In this case, one might consider the synthesis from ethylbenzene or from styrene via bromination.
Malen Bara CHEMISTRY   -   Organic Chemistry

In proton NMR spectroscopy, what splitting pattern would you expect for the protons on the methylene group in ethyl acetate (CH3COOCH2CH3)?

The methylene group (CH2) in ethyl acetate is adjacent to a methyl group (CH3), which causes spin-spin coupling. The three protons of the methyl group split the signal of the two methylene protons into a quartet due to the n+1 rule (n=3).
Malen Bara CHEMISTRY   -   Organic Chemistry

Which of the following compounds is not aromatic?

Benzene, pyridine, and naphthalene all obey Huckel's rule for aromaticity, possessing (4n+2) π-electrons and a planar structure. Cyclooctatetraene, however, does not adopt a planar conformation and does not have (4n+2) π-electrons, making it non-aromatic.
Malen Bara CHEMISTRY   -   Organic Chemistry

In an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, which intermediate is formed?

In electrophilic aromatic substitution, the intermediate formed is a sigma complex (also known as an arenium ion or Wheland intermediate). This intermediate features a partially positive charge and a disrupted aromatic system, which is later restored upon deprotonation.
Malen Bara CHEMISTRY   -   Organic Chemistry

Which of the following statements about the polymerization of ethylene to form polyethylene is correct?

The polymerization of ethylene to form polyethylene is typically carried out via a free radical mechanism. This process involves the initiation, propagation, and termination steps, where free radicals mediate the addition of ethylene monomers to the growing polymer chain.
Malen Bara CHEMISTRY   -   Organic Chemistry

Which of the following heterocycles contains nitrogen and is aromatic?

Pyrrole is a five-membered heterocyclic compound containing nitrogen and is aromatic. It has a planar structure with a conjugated system of (4n+2) π-electrons, making it aromatic according to Huckel's rule.
Malen Bara CHEMISTRY   -   Organic Chemistry

Which type of enzyme catalysis involves the formation of a covalent bond between the enzyme and the substrate?

In covalent catalysis, a transient covalent bond is formed between the enzyme and the substrate during the reaction. This temporary covalent intermediate helps stabilize the transition state and lower the activation energy of the reaction.
Malen Bara CHEMISTRY   -   Organic Chemistry

Which of the following principles is not one of the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry?

Increasing chemical yields is not explicitly one of the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry. While yield is important, the principles focus on reducing waste, minimizing the use of hazardous substances, and designing environmentally benign processes.
Malen Bara CHEMISTRY   -   Inorganic Chemistry

Which of the following elements has the highest second ionization energy?

The second ionization energy is the energy required to remove the second electron after the first has been removed. Sodium has a very high second ionization energy because removing the second electron means disrupting a stable noble gas configuration (Ne), making it significantly more difficult than the first ionization.
Malen Bara CHEMISTRY   -   Inorganic Chemistry

Which of the following molecules has the most polar bond?

Polarity of a bond is determined by the difference in electronegativity between the two bonded atoms. Fluorine is the most electronegative element, and the electronegativity difference between hydrogen and fluorine is the greatest among the given pairs, making HF the most polar bond.
Malen Bara CHEMISTRY   -   Inorganic Chemistry

In a face-centered cubic (fcc) lattice, what is the coordination number of each atom?

In a face-centered cubic (fcc) lattice, each atom is surrounded by 12 nearest neighbors. This coordination number of 12 arises because each atom touches four atoms in its own layer, four atoms in the layer above, and four atoms in the layer below.
Malen Bara CHEMISTRY   -   Inorganic Chemistry

Which of the following ligands will cause the greatest splitting in the d-orbital energies of a central metal ion according to the spectrochemical series?

According to the spectrochemical series, CN⁻ is a strong field ligand and causes significant splitting of the d-orbitals in a central metal ion. This large splitting can lead to different electronic configurations and affects the color and magnetic properties of the complex.
Malen Bara CHEMISTRY   -   Inorganic Chemistry

In the compound ferrocene (Fe(C5H5)2), what is the oxidation state of the iron center?

In ferrocene, each cyclopentadienyl anion (C5H5⁻) is considered to donate 6 electrons to the iron atom, providing a total of 12 electrons. Iron in the neutral state (Fe) has 8 valence electrons, leading to the 18-electron configuration that stabilizes the complex. Hence, the oxidation state of iron in ferrocene is 0.
Malen Bara CHEMISTRY   -   Inorganic Chemistry

Which metal ion is at the active site of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase?

Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydration of carbon dioxide. The active site of this enzyme contains a zinc ion (Zn²⁺) which is coordinated by three histidine residues and a water molecule, playing a crucial role in the enzyme's catalytic function.
Malen Bara CHEMISTRY   -   Inorganic Chemistry

Which of the following elements forms a stable diatomic molecule in the gas phase?

Nitrogen forms a stable diatomic molecule (N₂) due to the formation of a strong triple bond between the two nitrogen atoms, making it very stable. The other elements listed typically form more complex molecular structures or allotropes.
Malen Bara CHEMISTRY   -   Inorganic Chemistry

Which of the following transition metals exhibits the highest number of oxidation states?

Manganese exhibits the highest number of oxidation states, ranging from -3 to +7. This wide range of oxidation states is due to its electronic configuration, which allows it to lose or share various numbers of electrons.
Malen Bara CHEMISTRY   -   Inorganic Chemistry

Which of the following actinides is commonly used as a fuel in nuclear reactors?

Uranium, specifically U-235, is commonly used as a fuel in nuclear reactors due to its ability to undergo fission and release a significant amount of energy. Thorium can also be used in nuclear reactors, but it is less common compared to uranium.
Malen Bara CHEMISTRY   -   Inorganic Chemistry

Which of the following compounds acts as both a Lewis acid and a Lewis base?

Water (H₂O) can act as both a Lewis acid (accepting a pair of electrons when it forms H₃O⁺) and a Lewis base (donating a pair of electrons when it acts as a solvent or forms coordinate bonds). The other compounds typically act only as Lewis acids or bases.
Malen Bara CHEMISTRY   -   Inorganic Chemistry

Which of the following is a typical example of an inner-sphere electron transfer reaction?

An inner-sphere electron transfer involves a bridging ligand that temporarily connects the two reactants. In the reduction of MnO₄⁻ by Fe²⁺, an intermediate complex can form where a ligand bridges the Mn and Fe centers, facilitating the electron transfer.
Malen Bara CHEMISTRY   -   Inorganic Chemistry

Which of the following methods is commonly used to synthesize graphene?

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a common method used to synthesize high-quality graphene. This process involves the deposition of carbon atoms onto a substrate from a gas-phase precursor, resulting in the formation of a graphene layer.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

What is the significance of the partition function in statistical mechanics?

The partition function normalizes the probability distribution in statistical mechanics and is central to deriving thermodynamic properties.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

Which equation relates the Gibbs free energy to the equilibrium constant?

The Van't Hoff equation relates the Gibbs free energy change to the equilibrium constant of a reaction.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

What is the fundamental principle behind the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle?

The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle states that conjugate variables (e.g., position and momentum) cannot both be precisely measured simultaneously.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

In quantum chemistry, what does the term 'degenerate orbitals' refer to?

Degenerate orbitals have the same energy, which is significant in electronic configurations and spectroscopy.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

Which theory explains the shapes of molecular orbitals formed from atomic orbitals?

Molecular Orbital Theory explains the formation of molecular orbitals from atomic orbitals and the resulting molecular shapes.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

What is the main purpose of the Schr?dinger equation in quantum mechanics?

The Schr?dinger equation is used to determine the allowed energy levels and corresponding wave functions of a quantum system.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

Which thermodynamic quantity is maximized at equilibrium for a closed system?

Entropy is maximized at equilibrium in a closed system, consistent with the second law of thermodynamics.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

What is the key concept behind the Debye-H?ckel theory in electrochemistry?

The Debye-H?ckel theory provides a way to calculate activity coefficients of ions in solution, accounting for ionic strength.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

In spectroscopy, what is the significance of the Franck-Condon principle?

The Franck-Condon principle states that electronic transitions are most likely to occur between vibrational states with significant overlap.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

Which concept explains the deviation of real gases from ideal behavior?

The Van der Waals equation accounts for the finite size of molecules and intermolecular forces, explaining real gas behavior deviations.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

What is the principle of microscopic reversibility in chemical kinetics?

The principle of microscopic reversibility states that the pathway of a reaction in the forward direction is the same as that in the reverse direction.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

In solid-state chemistry, what does the term 'band gap' refer to?

The band gap is the energy difference between the valence band and the conduction band in a solid material.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

Which phenomenon is described by the term 'quantum tunneling'?

Quantum tunneling refers to the phenomenon where particles penetrate through a potential energy barrier that they classically shouldn't be able to cross.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

What is the main outcome of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation in molecular quantum mechanics?

The Born-Oppenheimer approximation simplifies molecular quantum mechanics by separating nuclear and electronic motions.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

In surface chemistry, what does the term 'chemisorption' imply?

Chemisorption involves strong chemical bonding between the adsorbate and the surface, typically involving electron sharing or transfer.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

What is the primary purpose of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

A catalyst lowers the activation energy of a reaction, increasing the reaction rate without being consumed in the process.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

Which concept in thermodynamics is described by the Gibbs phase rule?

The Gibbs phase rule relates the number of phases, components, and degrees of freedom in a thermodynamic system at equilibrium.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

What is the significance of the Bohr radius in atomic physics?

The Bohr radius is the average distance between the nucleus and the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

Which technique is used to study the energy levels of electrons in atoms and molecules?

UV-Vis spectroscopy is used to study the energy levels of electrons, especially in transitions between electronic states.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

What does the term 'spin-orbit coupling' describe in atomic structure?

Spin-orbit coupling is the interaction between an electron's spin and its orbital motion around the nucleus.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

In thermodynamics, what does the Helmholtz free energy represent?

Helmholtz free energy represents the maximum work obtainable from a system at constant temperature and volume.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

Which law describes the relationship between the intensity of light absorbed and the concentration of the absorbing species?

The Beer-Lambert Law describes how the absorbance of light is directly proportional to the concentration of the absorbing species and the path length.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

What is the primary focus of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm?

The Langmuir adsorption isotherm describes adsorption on homogeneous surfaces with a finite number of identical sites.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

Which term describes the change in Gibbs free energy for a reaction at constant temperature and pressure?

The change in Gibbs free energy at constant temperature and pressure indicates the spontaneity of a reaction.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

What is the role of a Maxwell relation in thermodynamics?

Maxwell relations are a set of equations in thermodynamics that relate different partial derivatives of thermodynamic potentials.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

In spectroscopy, what does the term 'Stark effect' refer to?

The Stark effect is the splitting of spectral lines under the influence of an external electric field.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

What is the principle behind the Boltzmann distribution in statistical mechanics?

The Boltzmann distribution describes the distribution of particles among various energy states in a system at thermal equilibrium.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, leading to the formation of molecules.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

What is the concept of 'enthalpy of formation'?

Enthalpy of formation is the heat change when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements in their standard states.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

In the context of quantum mechanics, what does the Pauli exclusion principle state?

The Pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

Which type of molecular vibration is active in IR spectroscopy?

All types of molecular vibrations (symmetric stretching, asymmetric stretching, and bending) can be active in IR spectroscopy.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

What is the primary factor that determines the rate of a chemical reaction?

The activation energy is the minimum energy required for a reaction to proceed, thus determining the reaction rate.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

Which term describes the equilibrium constant of a reaction in which all reactants and products are in the same phase?

Kc is the equilibrium constant for reactions where all reactants and products are in the same phase (homogeneous equilibrium).
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

What is the principle of 'Le Chatelier's Principle' in chemical equilibrium?

Le Chatelier's Principle predicts how a system at equilibrium responds to changes in concentration, temperature, or pressure.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

In the context of phase transitions, what does the term 'latent heat' refer to?

Latent heat is the heat absorbed or released during a phase transition, without a change in temperature.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

What is the primary use of the Arrhenius equation in chemical kinetics?

The Arrhenius equation relates the rate constant of a reaction to the temperature and activation energy, allowing calculation of rate constants.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

In electrochemistry, what does the term 'standard electrode potential' refer to?

The standard electrode potential is the potential of a half-cell under standard conditions relative to the standard hydrogen electrode.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

What is the concept of 'chemical potential' in thermodynamics?

Chemical potential is the change in the Gibbs free energy of a system when an additional particle is introduced, keeping temperature and pressure constant.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

Which principle explains the emission and absorption spectra of atoms?

Bohr's Model explains the emission and absorption spectra of atoms by quantizing electron energy levels.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

What is the significance of the 'Z' parameter in crystallography?

The 'Z' parameter represents the number of formula units in the unit cell of a crystalline solid.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

In the context of reaction mechanisms, what does the term 'rate-determining step' refer to?

The rate-determining step is the slowest step in a reaction mechanism, which determines the overall reaction rate.
Muntaha Nasir CHEMISTRY   -   Physical Chemistry

What is the main principle behind the 'Tyndall effect' in colloidal chemistry?

The Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by colloidal particles, making the path of light visible in a colloidal dispersion.

Contributor(6)

Fani Warraich
Bashir Farooqi
Shalisha Ladawn
Gitofa Shah
Malen Bara
Muntaha Nasir