Subject Specialist Chemistry PPSC

Punjab Public Service Commission Pakistan

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DNA model was presented by Watson and Crick in


The "energy carrier" ATP is an example of a(n)


S-adenosyl methionine is a group donor of


Nucleotides also serve as carriers of activated intermediates in the synthesis of


Which of the following statements about the bonding in ethyne (acetylene, C2H2) is correct?


Which of the following functional groups can act as both an acid and a base?


Which of the following compounds is chiral?


In which of the following reactions does the formation of a carbocation intermediate occur?


What is the first step in the retrosynthetic analysis of 1-bromo-2-phenylethane?


Which of the following compounds is not aromatic?


In an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, which intermediate is formed?


Which of the following statements about the polymerization of ethylene to form polyethylene is correct?


Which of the following heterocycles contains nitrogen and is aromatic?


Which type of enzyme catalysis involves the formation of a covalent bond between the enzyme and the substrate?


Which of the following principles is not one of the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry?


Which of the following elements has the highest second ionization energy?


Which of the following elements forms a stable diatomic molecule in the gas phase?


Which of the following transition metals exhibits the highest number of oxidation states?


Which of the following actinides is commonly used as a fuel in nuclear reactors?


Which of the following is a typical example of an inner-sphere electron transfer reaction?


Which of the following methods is commonly used to synthesize graphene?


Which type of bonding is present in NH4Cl?


Aldehydes can be synthesized by the oxidation of:


The products of the fermentation of a sugar are ethanol and:


Which technique is most suitable for determining the molecular weight of a protein?


What is the primary purpose of a buffer solution in analytical chemistry?


In chromatography, what does the term 'resolution' refer to?


Which of the following is a primary standard in titration?


What is the principle of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)?


Which detector is commonly used in Gas Chromatography (GC) for detecting organic compounds?


In electrochemical analysis, what does a 'three-electrode system' typically consist of?


What is the main advantage of using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) over traditional column chromatography?


Which of the following is NOT a type of ionization technique used in Mass Spectrometry?


In UV-Vis Spectroscopy, what does the term 'molar absorptivity' refer to?


What is the purpose of a blank solution in spectrophotometry?


In NMR spectroscopy, what does the chemical shift represent?


Which method is used to determine the particle size distribution in a sample?


In titration, what is the role of an indicator?


What is the principle of Gel Electrophoresis?


Which of the following is a common method for sample preparation in Trace Metal Analysis?


In FTIR spectroscopy, what does 'FT' stand for?


What is the primary application of X-ray diffraction (XRD) in analytical chemistry?


Which technique is best suited for the quantitative analysis of metals in a sample?


In Liquid Chromatography, what does the term 'isocratic' refer to?


What is the main purpose of using an internal standard in quantitative analysis?


Which of the following is NOT a type of detector used in Liquid Chromatography (LC)?


What is the principle of Ion-Exchange Chromatography?


In potentiometry, what does the Nernst equation relate to?


What is the main advantage of using a capillary column in Gas Chromatography?


Which of the following is a non-destructive analytical technique?


What is the primary use of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)?


In cyclic voltammetry, what information can be obtained from the peak current?


What is the role of a nebulizer in Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)?


Which technique is used for the separation of chiral compounds?


What is the significance of the partition function in statistical mechanics?


Which equation relates the Gibbs free energy to the equilibrium constant?


What is the fundamental principle behind the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle?


In quantum chemistry, what does the term 'degenerate orbitals' refer to?


Which theory explains the shapes of molecular orbitals formed from atomic orbitals?


What is the main purpose of the Schr?dinger equation in quantum mechanics?


Which thermodynamic quantity is maximized at equilibrium for a closed system?


What is the key concept behind the Debye-H?ckel theory in electrochemistry?


In spectroscopy, what is the significance of the Franck-Condon principle?


Which concept explains the deviation of real gases from ideal behavior?


What is the principle of microscopic reversibility in chemical kinetics?


In solid-state chemistry, what does the term 'band gap' refer to?


Which phenomenon is described by the term 'quantum tunneling'?


What is the main outcome of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation in molecular quantum mechanics?


In surface chemistry, what does the term 'chemisorption' imply?


What is the primary purpose of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?


Which concept in thermodynamics is described by the Gibbs phase rule?


What is the significance of the Bohr radius in atomic physics?


Which technique is used to study the energy levels of electrons in atoms and molecules?


What does the term 'spin-orbit coupling' describe in atomic structure?


In thermodynamics, what does the Helmholtz free energy represent?


What is the primary focus of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm?


Which term describes the change in Gibbs free energy for a reaction at constant temperature and pressure?


What is the role of a Maxwell relation in thermodynamics?


In spectroscopy, what does the term 'Stark effect' refer to?


What is the principle behind the Boltzmann distribution in statistical mechanics?


Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?


What is the concept of 'enthalpy of formation'?


In the context of quantum mechanics, what does the Pauli exclusion principle state?


Which type of molecular vibration is active in IR spectroscopy?


What is the primary factor that determines the rate of a chemical reaction?


What is the principle of 'Le Chatelier's Principle' in chemical equilibrium?


In the context of phase transitions, what does the term 'latent heat' refer to?


What is the primary use of the Arrhenius equation in chemical kinetics?


In electrochemistry, what does the term 'standard electrode potential' refer to?


What is the concept of 'chemical potential' in thermodynamics?


Which principle explains the emission and absorption spectra of atoms?


What is the significance of the 'Z' parameter in crystallography?


In the context of reaction mechanisms, what does the term 'rate-determining step' refer to?


What is the main principle behind the 'Tyndall effect' in colloidal chemistry?


What is the molecular geometry of methane (CH4) according to VSEPR theory?


Which of the following is an example of a strong acid?


What is the relationship between pressure and volume for a gas at constant temperature, according to Boyle's Law?


Which element has the highest electronegativity?


Which of the following salts is insoluble in water?


Which type of radioactive decay results in the release of an electron from the nucleus?


Which of the following describes the process of reducing a ketone to an alcohol?


What is the main characteristic of a buffer solution?


Which gas law explains the relationship between temperature and volume at constant pressure?


Which of the following best describes a Lewis acid?


In a galvanic cell, what happens at the anode?


Which of the following processes occurs at the cathode in an electrolytic cell?


What type of intermolecular force is the strongest?