Lecturer Biology

Federal Public Service Commission Pakistan

Lecturer Biology in FGI (Cantt/Garrisons) Colleges, Ministry of Defense, Second Class Master Degree or Equivalent Age 28 Years + 5 Years Gn Age relax

4 contributor - 1 Folowers




Fani Warraich BIOLOGY   -   Zoology

Scapula is the bone of

Fani Warraich BIOLOGY   -   Zoology

What is the study of growing old is called?

Breezy Thomas BIOLOGY   -   Botany

Which of the following plant hormones is primarily responsible for promoting cell elongation and stem growth?

Auxin is known for its role in promoting cell elongation, stem growth, and tropisms such as phototropism and gravitropism.
Breezy Thomas BIOLOGY   -   Botany

Which plant family includes species commonly known as legumes, characterized by their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen?

Fabaceae, also known as the pea or legume family, includes plants like beans, peas, and lentils, known for their nitrogen-fixing ability and distinctive fruit type.
Breezy Thomas BIOLOGY   -   Botany

In a dihybrid cross between two pea plants (TtRr x TtRr), what is the probability of obtaining an offspring that is homozygous recessive for both traits?

In a dihybrid cross, the probability of obtaining a homozygous recessive offspring for both traits is 1/4 for each trait, so the combined probability is (1/4) * (1/4) = 1/16.
Breezy Thomas BIOLOGY   -   Botany

In which ecological biome would you expect to find plants adapted to periodic flooding and anaerobic soil conditions?

Wetlands, including marshes and swamps, often experience periodic flooding and have anaerobic soil conditions, leading to the adaptation of specific plant species.
Breezy Thomas BIOLOGY   -   Botany

What is the primary mode of transmission for the fungal pathogen causing powdery mildew in plants?

Powdery mildew fungi release airborne spores that spread the disease to nearby plants, making it a common mode of transmission in many plant species.
Breezy Thomas BIOLOGY   -   Zoology

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for breaking down proteins into amino acids in the stomach of vertebrates?

Pepsin is the enzyme produced by the stomach that digests proteins into peptides and amino acids.
Breezy Thomas BIOLOGY   -   Zoology

What type of animal behavior is exemplified by the migration of monarch butterflies across North America?

Migration in monarch butterflies is an innate behavior, as it is genetically programmed and does not require learning.
Breezy Thomas BIOLOGY   -   Zoology

Which taxonomic rank is placed immediately above family in the hierarchical classification system?

In the hierarchical classification system, order is placed immediately above family and below class.
Breezy Thomas BIOLOGY   -   Zoology

What term describes the evolutionary process by which two species gradually develop adaptations that allow them to coexist and reduce competition for resources?

Coevolution refers to the reciprocal evolutionary changes in interacting species, often leading to specialized adaptations that reduce competition.
Breezy Thomas BIOLOGY   -   Zoology

Which type of cleavage pattern is characteristic of deuterosomes, such as echinoderms and chordates?

Deuterostomes exhibit indeterminate cleavage, where each blastomere retains the ability to develop into a complete organism, leading to identical twins in some cases.
Shalisha Mumtaz BIOLOGY   -   Microbiology

The process of breaking down organic matter into simpler compounds by microorganisms is:

Decomposition is the process where microorganisms break down organic matter into simpler compounds, recycling nutrients in the ecosystem.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Genetics

The fundamental unit of heredity is called a:

Genes are like little instruction manuals inside cells, telling them how to make proteins and what traits to pass down from parents to offspring. Chromosomes are long bundles of these genes.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Genetics

In humans, how many chromosomes are there in a typical somatic cell?

Human somatic cells, or body cells, have 46 chromosomes. These are arranged in 23 pairs, with one chromosome from each pair coming from each parent.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Genetics

What is the name of the process where DNA makes a copy of itself?

DNA replication is like photocopying a document. The cell needs to make exact copies of its DNA before it divides so that each new cell has the same set of instructions.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Genetics

Which of the following describes a genotype?

Genotype is the set of genes in our DNA that is responsible for a particular trait. It's like a code or recipe inside the cell. The phenotype is what you actually see, like hair color or height.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Genetics

What is the result of a cross between two heterozygous individuals (Rr x Rr) for a simple Mendelian trait?

A heterozygous cross results in a 1:2:1 ratio for genotypes (RR, Rr, rr) and a 3:1 ratio for phenotypes (dominant to recessive traits). This is like mixing red and white paint where 75% of the mix looks red (dominant) and 25% looks white (recessive).
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Genetics

Which structure holds the genetic code and is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells?

Chromosomes are like books containing pages of genetic instructions. They are found inside the nucleus, the brain of the cell. Each chromosome carries many genes.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Genetics

In pea plants, tall (T) is dominant over short (t). If a homozygous tall plant (TT) is crossed with a short plant (tt), what will the offspring be?

All offspring will be tall because they inherit one "T" from the tall parent and one "t" from the short parent. Since tall (T) is dominant, even one copy of it will make the plant tall.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Genetics

What process separates alleles during gamete formation?

Meiosis is like splitting up the alleles into different groups so that each egg or sperm gets just one allele of a gene, not both. This ensures offspring have a mix of genes from each parent.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Genetics

The observable traits of an organism are called:

The phenotype is the "look" of an organism ? like the color of your hair, the shape of your nose, or the length of your tail if you're a lizard! It?s how genes express themselves outwardly.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Genetics

If a mutation occurs in a somatic cell, what is the consequence for the offspring?

A somatic mutation is like a paint smudge on just one part of a painting. It affects only the individual and isn?t passed to the next generation because it doesn?t occur in the reproductive cells.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Genetics

Which nitrogenous base is not found in RNA?

RNA is like a copy of a page from a DNA book, but it doesn't use the "T" (thymine). Instead, it uses "U" (uracil). DNA and RNA are very similar, but this is one key difference.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Genetics

What is the role of ribosomes in the cell?

Ribosomes are the protein-making factories of the cell. They follow the instructions from the RNA to string together amino acids and make proteins, which do most of the work inside cells.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Genetics

What kind of inheritance pattern is displayed when both alleles are equally expressed in a heterozygous organism?

In codominance, both traits are like mixing red and blue marbles ? you can see both colors equally. For example, in blood types, A and B alleles are both expressed equally if both are present (AB blood type).
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Genetics

Which type of RNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome?

mRNA (messenger RNA) is like a note passed from the teacher (DNA) to the worker (ribosome), telling them what kind of protein to make. It carries instructions from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Genetics

In genetic terms, what is a recessive allele?

A recessive allele is like a shy kid in a group ? it only shows up when there are two of them together. If a dominant allele is present, the recessive one stays hidden.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Genetics

What is the purpose of a Punnett square in genetics?

A Punnett square is like a chart or map that shows the possible combinations of genes from two parents. It helps us predict the traits their children might inherit.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Genetics

What term describes a change in the sequence of DNA?

A mutation is like a typo in the instruction manual (DNA). Sometimes, it doesn't matter much, but other times, it can change how the cell works or looks.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Genetics

Which of the following best explains why siblings can look different from each other?

During meiosis, chromosomes get shuffled and split up differently each time, like shuffling a deck of cards. That?s why siblings can look different ? they inherit a different mix of genes.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Genetics

What is the role of tRNA in translation?

tRNA is like a delivery truck bringing the right amino acids to the ribosome, where proteins are made. Each tRNA matches up with a specific part of the mRNA to make sure the right protein gets built.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Genetics

If an individual has two identical alleles for a trait, they are said to be:

Homozygous means having two of the same alleles, like two matching socks. If the alleles are different, it?s called heterozygous, like wearing one red sock and one blue sock.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Zoology

Which of the following animal groups exhibits a closed circulatory system?

A closed circulatory system is like a highway with only certain entry and exit points for blood. In annelids, blood flows through vessels, unlike arthropods and mollusks that have an open system where blood washes over organs.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Zoology

What is the primary function of nephridia in annelids?

Nephridia are like little filters for an annelid?s body, similar to kidneys in humans. They remove waste from the animal?s body by filtering the body fluid and excreting waste outside.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Zoology

Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland and controls water balance in mammals?

ADH is like a manager telling the kidneys to save water. It signals the kidneys to reabsorb water and decrease urine output when the body needs to conserve water, helping maintain the water balance.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Zoology

In insects, which part of the body is primarily responsible for gas exchange?

Insects breathe through tracheae, which are like tiny tubes running through their bodies. Air enters through openings called spiracles and travels through these tubes to deliver oxygen directly to their tissues.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Zoology

What is the name of the larval stage of a frog?

A tadpole is like a baby frog that hasn't grown legs yet. It starts life with a tail and gills to breathe underwater, but as it grows, it loses its tail and develops legs and lungs to live on land.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Zoology

Which of the following is a characteristic of mammals but not of other vertebrates?

Mammary glands are like milk factories for mammals. They produce milk to feed newborns, which is a feature unique to mammals, though not all mammals lay eggs (like the platypus).
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Zoology

Which of the following animals is considered an example of an endothermic vertebrate?

Endothermic animals are like having their own built-in heaters. Bats, like other mammals, can regulate their own body temperature internally, unlike reptiles which rely on the environment to warm up or cool down.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Zoology

What type of reproduction is found in honeybees, where males develop from unfertilized eggs?

Parthenogenesis is like a shortcut in reproduction where no fertilization is needed. In honeybees, males (drones) develop from unfertilized eggs, while females come from fertilized ones.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Zoology

Which structure in the bird's digestive system is responsible for grinding food?

The gizzard is like a bird?s version of teeth. Since birds don't have teeth to chew food, the gizzard uses grit and small stones to grind the food into smaller pieces before digestion.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Zoology

What type of symmetry is found in adult echinoderms like sea stars?

Radial symmetry is like cutting a pizza ? you can slice it in several ways and still get equal pieces. Sea stars have this symmetry, where their body parts are arranged around a central axis.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Zoology

What is the main nitrogenous waste excreted by birds and reptiles?

Uric acid is like a dry waste package. Birds and reptiles convert nitrogenous waste into uric acid, which is less toxic and requires very little water to excrete, unlike mammals that excrete urea.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Zoology

Which of the following organ systems do echinoderms use for locomotion?

The water vascular system is like a hydraulic system for echinoderms. It uses water to move tube feet, allowing animals like sea stars to walk and grasp things.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Zoology

Which of the following classes of animals contains members with a cartilaginous skeleton?

Chondrichthyes, like sharks and rays, have skeletons made of cartilage instead of bone. Cartilage is lighter and more flexible, allowing them to swim efficiently in the water.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Zoology

In mammals, what is the primary function of the diaphragm?

The diaphragm is like a pump that helps air move in and out of the lungs. When it contracts, it pulls air into the lungs, and when it relaxes, air is pushed out. It's essential for breathing.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Zoology

What is the primary function of hemolymph in arthropods?

Hemolymph is like the blood in arthropods, but instead of carrying oxygen, it mainly transports nutrients and waste throughout the body. Arthropods don't rely on hemolymph for oxygen transport because they breathe through tracheae.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Zoology

In which group of animals is external fertilization most common?

External fertilization is like casting a net in the water. Amphibians, like frogs, release eggs and sperm into water, where fertilization happens outside their bodies, unlike mammals or reptiles which have internal fertilization.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Zoology

What is the major excretory product in aquatic animals like fish?

Ammonia is like a very toxic waste that aquatic animals can easily get rid of because they live in water. Since it?s highly toxic, these animals need lots of water to dilute and excrete it safely.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Zoology

Which of the following structures is unique to the respiratory system of birds?

Air sacs are like extra balloons in a bird?s respiratory system that help them breathe more efficiently. They allow for a continuous flow of air through the lungs, providing more oxygen during both inhalation and exhalation.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Zoology

What is the term for animals that give birth to live young rather than laying eggs?

Viviparous animals are like mammals that keep their babies inside their bodies until they're ready to be born, unlike oviparous animals which lay eggs. The young develop inside the mother's body.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Zoology

What is the function of chromatophores in cephalopods like octopuses?

Chromatophores are like color-changing paint in an octopus?s skin. These specialized cells allow them to change color to blend into their surroundings or communicate with other animals.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Botany

What is the primary photosynthetic pigment in plants?

Chlorophyll a is like a solar panel for plants. It absorbs sunlight, mainly in the blue and red wavelengths, and uses that energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, the plant's food.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Botany

In which part of the plant does the Calvin cycle occur?

The Calvin cycle is like a kitchen where the plant prepares its food. It happens in the stroma, the space inside the chloroplast, where carbon dioxide is turned into glucose during photosynthesis.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Botany

Which of the following plant hormones is responsible for cell elongation?

Auxins are like stretchers for plant cells, making them grow longer. They help plants bend towards light (phototropism) by elongating the cells on the shaded side.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Botany

What is the term for water loss in plants through small openings on the leaves?

Transpiration is like sweating for plants. Water moves from the roots to the leaves and exits through tiny pores called stomata, helping cool the plant and pull more water up from the roots.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Botany

Which of the following is a C4 plant known for its efficient photosynthesis in hot climates?

C4 plants like maize have a special way of photosynthesizing. They use a different process that allows them to keep growing even when it?s hot and dry, unlike C3 plants like wheat.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Botany

In which tissue of a plant would you find vessels and tracheids?

Xylem is like a plant?s water pipe. Vessels and tracheids are tube-like structures that carry water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant. Phloem, on the other hand, carries food.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Botany

What is the name of the mutualistic association between fungi and plant roots?

Mycorrhiza is like a win-win friendship between fungi and plant roots. The fungi help the plant absorb water and nutrients, while the plant gives the fungi some food in return.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Botany

Which of the following is a gymnosperm?

Gymnosperms are like nature?s first seed plants. They produce seeds without flowers or fruits. Pine trees are gymnosperms because their seeds are found in cones, not in fruits.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Botany

Which type of meristem is responsible for the secondary growth in plants?

Lateral meristems are like construction workers that make the plant grow thicker, not taller. They?re responsible for secondary growth, increasing the plant?s girth (width), especially in woody plants.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Botany

Which plant hormone is associated with fruit ripening?

Ethylene is like a signal that tells the fruit, "It's time to ripen!" It helps fruits like bananas and tomatoes soften and change color as they mature. It also triggers leaf fall in autumn.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Botany

What is the process by which plants convert nitrogen from the atmosphere into a form they can use?

Nitrogen fixation is like a plant?s ability to take nitrogen from the air and turn it into something it can use, like a chef turning raw ingredients into a meal. Special bacteria in the soil help plants like legumes do this.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Botany

Which type of venation is commonly found in monocots?

In monocots, the veins in the leaves run parallel to each other, like lines on a highway. This is different from dicots, which have reticulate (branching) venation, like a web.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Botany

What is the primary function of the Casparian strip in roots?

The Casparian strip is like a one-way valve in plant roots. It ensures that once water enters the plant, it doesn't leak back out, forcing water to move through cells in a controlled manner.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Botany

Which of the following is an example of a xerophyte?

Xerophytes like cacti are like plants that live in deserts. They?ve adapted to dry environments by storing water in their stems and having spines instead of leaves to reduce water loss.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Botany

What is the sugar produced during photosynthesis?

Glucose is like a plant's energy snack. It?s the sugar plants make using sunlight during photosynthesis, which they then use for energy or store for later as starch.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Botany

Which structure in the plant leaf is responsible for gas exchange?

Stomata are like tiny doors that open and close to let gases in and out of the plant. They let carbon dioxide in for photosynthesis and release oxygen, while also allowing water vapor to escape.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Botany

What is the main difference between dicot and monocot seeds?

The cotyledon is like a seed?s food supply. Monocots have one cotyledon, while dicots have two. This is the major difference between these two types of plants, and it also influences their root, stem, and leaf structure.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Botany

What type of asexual reproduction is common in strawberries?

Vegetative propagation is like growing new plants from a piece of the original plant. Strawberries use runners (horizontal stems) to produce new plants, making exact copies of the parent without needing seeds.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Botany

What is the main component of plant cell walls?

Cellulose is like a plant?s brick wall. It?s a strong carbohydrate that makes the cell wall rigid and helps plants stand tall. It?s made of sugar molecules linked together in long chains.
shahzaib hassan BIOLOGY   -   Botany

Which type of vascular tissue is responsible for transporting sugars in plants?

Phloem is like the plant?s food delivery system. It moves sugars (produced by photosynthesis) from the leaves to the rest of the plant, ensuring that all parts get the energy they need to grow and function.

Contributor(4)

Fani Warraich
shahzaib hassan
Shalisha Mumtaz
Breezy Thomas